166 PROCEEDINGS OF TEE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 50. 



"lines," a line being equal to one-twelfth of an inch. If converted 

 into metric measurements on this bases, the measurements are so 

 obviously multiples of those given by other writers that this can not 

 be correct. Assuming that the symbols are intended to denote milli- 

 meters, they still give figures in excess of those given by other writers, 

 suggesting that there was a fixed error in his scale of measurements 

 or that other writers are in error in their measurements. Where the 

 measurements given by Mueller are cited above, they are queried. 

 For the sake of completeness they are given in full here : 



3Iale 30 to 40 '" long and 0.12 to 0.18 '" thick. Length of esopha- 

 gus 0.32 ''\ Bursa 0.1 to 0.14 '" wide. Dorsal ray 0.004 to 0.007 ''' 

 broad, or 0.03G "' with its border. Spicules O.lT to 0.18 ''' long. 

 Paired accessory structures 0.042 to 0.05 '" long. 



Female TO ''' long and 0.16 to 0.2 '" thick. Vagina 1 to 1.2 ''' 

 long and 0.2 to 0.2G '" from the tip of the tail. Eggs 0.09 to 0.1 '" 

 long and O.OG to 0.08 ''' thick. 



Doctor (1907) has made a study of the clinical and pathological 

 aspects of infestation with this worm. He finds the initial stages 

 characterized by bronchitis and peribronchitis. Secondarily there 

 occurs bronchiectasis, collapse of the alveolar groups, and atelectasis. 

 The changes follow a pneumonic process which is different from 

 others in that it is characterized by extended epithelial desquama- 

 tion and a diffuse, progressive course, from which it may be known 

 as a desquamative pneumonia. This may heal by a regeneration of 

 the denuded epithelium accompanied by hyperemia. If the worm 

 invasion was massive, or if weak respiration or absence of expectora- 

 tion hinders the elimination of the exudate due to the parasite, there 

 follows a tissue necrosis by progressive caseation, which may show 

 as a caseous bronchitis and caseous pneumonia. This may determine 

 extensive destruction of lung tissue or induration. 



SYNTHETOCAULUS RUFESCENS (Leuckart, 1865a) RailHet and Henry, 19070. 



Synonyms. — NematoideuTn ovis (pulmonale) Diesing, 1851; 

 StrongyJus nifescens Leuckai't, 1865; Strongylus minutlssiTrius JSIeg- 

 nin, 1878; Pseudalius ovis pulvwnalis A. Koch, 1883; Strongylus oris 

 pulmonalis Diesing of Curtice, 1890; Metastrongylus minutissimus 

 (Megnin, 1878) Sluiter and Swellengrebel, 1912. 



Specific diagnosis. — Synthetocaulus (p. 103) : Body filiform, with 

 a characteristic reddish-brown tint due to the coloring of the ali- 

 mentary tract. Mouth with three small lips and Avith four circumoral 

 papillae. No cervical alae. 



Male 16 to 28 mm. long and 500 fj. thick. The simple esophagus 

 enlarges slightly posteriorly. The bursa is small, excised anteriorly 

 and with two small indentations on each side (fig. 213). The spicules 

 are 110 to 310 fx long, and are cylindrical in the anterior half and 



