38 Birds of Oregon and Washington 



some are permanent and others are only sum- 

 mer residents, they are treated together as a 

 family, and then individually in succession, as, 

 for example, the Wrens and the Gulls. 



The season which the author has in mind, in 

 beginning the following descriptions, is for the 

 latitude of southern Oregon, January 20th ; for 

 Portland, February i st ; and for northern Wash- 

 ington, February loth to 15th. 



The seasons are supposed to move on, in the 

 book, with the months, till one arrives at the 

 "Winter Birds." We should remember, how- 

 ever, that the summer birds, are, for the most 

 part, to be observed by July ist. 



For a full course of study, the student is 

 referred to the last chapter of the book, "A 

 Course of Study upon Birds for Schools and 

 Bird-Students," 



Now let us try to name about one hundred 

 and fifty varieties of birds to be heard and seen 

 in some part of the territory for which this book 

 is prepared. 



THE WESTERN ROBIN. 



General Description : 



Upper parts : black head and gray back. 



