:\1arch, 1929 



E \- O L U T I O N 



Page Thirteen 



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"THK BR.MN FROM APE TO 

 MAN" by Frederick Tilney. Two 

 volumes. 1120 pages. Paul B. Hoe- 

 ber, Inc., New York. $25.00. 



This pair of imposing volumes, 

 furnished with a wealtn of illustra- 

 tions, might well serve as a valuable 

 weapon, either physical or verbal, in 

 an encounter with a fundamentalist. 

 It fills several distinct gaps. The prin- 

 cijial new contribution is a detailed, 

 technical description of the external 

 and internal anatomy of the brains of 

 the following primates: lemur, tarsiiis, 

 marmoset. South American monkey, 

 baboon, old-world monkey, gibbon, 

 orang, chimpanzee, gorilla, and man, 

 witli special emphasis on tKe brain 

 stem. This part of the work will be 

 a valuable source-book for anv one 

 working on human evolution or the 

 neurologj' of primates, but it must be 

 admitted that these details are dull 

 reading for the specialist, and totalh- 

 incomprehensible to anyone else. The 

 effective summaries of behavior for 

 each of these forms will be much more 

 to the taste of the lay reader. 



The chapter on the internal casts of 

 tlie 1)rain case of fossil men and sub- 

 men furnishes a valuable summary and 

 comparative interpretation of the avail- 

 :ible data. It seems unfortunate that 

 "Australopithecus" (the fossil progres- 

 sive ape-child of South .Africa) is omit- 

 ted from this study. There are two 

 chapters -of popular resume — "From 

 Primitive to Modern Man" and "Man 

 — Past, Present and Future," The dis- 

 cussion of the elements involved in 

 brain progress among the primates is 

 interesting and suggestive. 



It seems somewhat invidious to 

 dwell on defects in a useful and valu- 

 able work, but It would be disingenious 

 to deny their existence in this case. 

 V'arious parts of the work vary in 

 >t.vle from extremely popular to highly 

 technical, and appeal to mutually ex- 

 clusive audiences. Speculations as to 

 the precise moment of the first appear- 

 ance of the psyche will affect different 

 readers in accordance with their own 

 views on that topic. It seems an un- 

 necessary bit of amateurishness to 

 show comparative figures on discord- 

 ant scales, without even a warning to 

 that effect in the caption. Different 

 meanings are given to tiie word "ape," 

 some not in accord with general us- 

 age, and the reader is left to discover 

 from the context in what sense the 

 word is employed in each particular 

 instance. Professor Tilney finds the 

 brain of the gibbon more suggestive 

 of the old-world monkeys than of the 

 ureat apes, which is of considerable 

 interest and importance; hut it seems 

 unfortunate on this account to call it 

 an "intermediate primate," and "mon- 

 key," to the certain bewilderment of 

 the general reader. It should be made 

 clear that the assumption (by no means 

 confined to Professor Tilney) that the 

 great apes and possilily man also, have 

 reached tlie end of their evolutionary 



possibilities, is purely an assumption, 

 with no positive evidence whatever in 

 its favor, 



Tilney follows Osborn and others in 

 suggesting that the complete absence 

 of evidence of race mixture between 

 the Cro-Magnons and the Neander- 

 thals was due to high moral principles 

 or else to something analogous to 

 "drawing the color line," It is surpris- 

 in.g that the obvious alternative ex- 

 planation of physical sterility between 

 two widely separated species seems 

 never to have been offered. 



If Professor Tilney could write as 

 good a book as this it is perhaps re-- 

 grettable that he did not write a still 

 better one. In any case, the evidence 

 that he marshalls furnishes still further- 

 evidence, if such be needed, of man's 

 'close resemblance to, and kinship with, 

 the anthropoid apes, especially the 

 chimpanzee and gorilla. 



— Horace Ehner Wood, II, 



Tel.: Spring 7578 



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