4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vot,. 71 



Regarding the known geologic distribution of the Trichoptera 

 (Phryganoidea) it may be stated that upwards of a score of species 

 from the Mesozoic have been referred to this order. The oldest 

 come from the Lias of Germany and England {Tiichoptendium 

 Geinitz, Phrygarddium Westwood, and NecrotauUus Handlirsch, the 

 last made the type of an extinct family — the Necrotaulidae). Sup- 

 posed Trichoptera occur at various other Jurassic horizons, especially 

 in the Purbeck, and these are mostly wing specimens of somewhat 

 uncertain affinities, as is also the Upper Cretaceous occurrence of 

 western Tennessee referred to DoJopMIus (?). 



The oldest larval case that has come to my notice is Phryganea 

 micacea Fritsch from the littoral middle Cretaceous (Cenomanian) 

 of Bohemia. There have been about 200 species described from the 

 Tertiary, based upon wings, cases, and sometimes imagos, which 

 last are common at Florissant (Aix, Parschlug, Manebach, Isle of 

 Wight, west Greenland). The oldest previously known American 

 cases are from the middle Eocene Green River Beds of the West 

 (Auversian). 



A large variety of Trichoptera have been described from the Baltic 

 amber (Lattorfian). These include the genera Agrypiim, Apheiloch- 

 eira^ Aspatheriwn, Cyrnus^ Ealesus^ Hydropsyche, Hydroorchestna^ 

 Eydroptila, Limnophil'us^ Neuronis, Phryganea, PhryganeoUtha. 

 Polycerttropus, Psychomyia^ Rhyacophila, Tinodes, etc. Trichoptera 

 tubes form an indusial limestone in the Auvergne (Aquitanian or 

 lower Miocene) which is in places several feet thick over considerable 

 areas in central France. Their remains are common in the Miocene 

 lake basin of Florissant, Colorado, where a number of genera, 

 several of which are extinct, and about 25 species have been described 

 {Dorohrochus, Leptohrochus^ Limnophilus^ Lhnnopsyche^ Litobro- 

 chus, Mesohrochus^ Neuronia^ Paladicella^ Phryganea^ Polycentropus, 

 T {nodes ^ etc.). 



There are over 1,400 recent species of Trichoptera, segregated in 

 13 families. They are cosmopolitan, but are said to be most abundant 

 in the north temperate zone. The lavae inhabit all sorts of fresh- 

 water environments from torrents to stagnant swamps and temporary 

 pools. All are fresh water except a marine form in New Zealand, 

 and a terrestrial species in Europe. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE 



Figs. 1-5. Folindusia iinlcoxiana Berry, nat. size. 1 and 5 are from Puryear 

 and 2-A are from the Grable Pit 2 miles west of Henry, both in 

 Pleury County. Tenn. 



6. Leaf case of Glyphotaclius punctato-lineatns, one of the recent 



Limnophilidae (after Rousseau) from Europe. 



7. Leaf case of Piicnopsychc scahripenms, another of the recent 



Limnophilidae (after Lloyd ) from the eastern United States. 



o 



