ART. 11 NOTES ON THE MELITAEID BUTTERFLY CIABK 5 



rounded fore wings may occur with hind wings of the shape found 

 in the males (pi. 5, fig. 40). 



While in the great majority of cases the shape of the wings enables 

 the males and females to be differentiated at a glance, all possible 

 gradations may be found between the extreme male and female types 

 both of the fore and of the hind wings. Males occur with wings one 

 would unhesitatingly pronounce female (pi. 3, fig. 23), and females 

 occur with wings just as emphatically male. 



On making routine determinations of the sex of our series of this 

 butterfly we found that an unusually large specimen which on the 

 wing form had been tentatively determined as a male was in reality 

 a female, and we at first thought that we had found a female with 

 male wings. Later a small specimen with typically female wings 

 (pi. 3, fig. 23) turned out to be a male. We now believe that these 

 represent normal, though rare, variants and can not be considered as 

 gynandromorphs. 



Variation in color. — The broader variations in the amount of red 

 on the wings has already been considered. It may be further men- 

 tioned that occasionally the red spots on the under side of the hind 

 wings, excepting the marginal, are so speckled with black scales as to 

 appear a deep maroon, and that in one specimen on the under side 

 of the hind wings the spot in the cell and the spots forming the sub- 

 median band, except for the hindmost, are dull yellow instead of red, 

 the other red spots being normal. 



In the males reduction of the white markings on the upper surface 

 is very frequent (pi. 3, fig. 21; pi. 4, fig. 26). This reduction does 

 not affect the outermost row of spots, just within the submarginal 

 lunules, which thus become increasingly prominent. On the hind 

 wings the lunules are sometimes so reduced that only the merest 

 traces remain, while on the fore wings there are only vestiges of the 

 lunules and of the spots in the row just within that adjacent to the 

 lunules. 



On the other hand there may be a very considerable increase in 

 the number of the white spots. In one example (pi. 3, figs. 19, 20) 

 the submarginal lunules on the hind wings are unusually large and 

 strongly curved. On the fore wings the row of spots within that 

 adjacent to the lunules is as well developed as the latter, while the 

 four spots forming the fourth row, usually barely indicated, are large 

 and sagittate with their apices inward. In the middle of the sub- 

 costal region of the fore wings is a large hourglass-shaped spot which, 

 were the two red spots present, would fill the space between them. 

 Below the position of the (missing) inner red spot there is on the left 

 wing a white spot, and on the right wing a similar white spot with 

 another below it near the inner marsrin. 



