122 PKOCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.71 



SOUTH AFRICAN BUSHMEN, HOTTENTOTS, NEGROES 



The material of these series leaves much to be desh-ed, particularly 

 in the cases of the Hottentot and the Bushmen. Such as it is, how- 

 ever, it gives the following indications : 



The Bushmen show extensive variation in the cephalic index 

 (males, 68.6-80), in the upper facial index (males, 44.6-57.7), in the 

 orbital index (males, 76.2-90), and in the nasal index (males, 

 49.5-65.9). 



The vault is decidedly low. 



The size of the head is small. 



The face is small. 



The orbits are prevalently low, the nose broad. 



The "palate" (dental arch) is short and relatively broad, giving 

 high index. 



HOTTENTOTS 



In every item the eight Hottentots that could be measured give 

 average values so close to those of the Bushmen that no clear dis- 

 tinction of the two is possible. So far as these series are concerned, 

 we are obviously confronted by one basic type only and that, in 

 the Bushman, probably a degenerate rather than a pure racial type. 



The series of specimens in this group is rather fair and shows well 

 the main characteristics of the group. 



The skull of the South African (Bantu) negro differs, though on 

 the whole not really greatly, from that of the Bushman and Hottentot. 

 It is more uniform. It is longer, so that the cephalic index is some- 

 what lower; the vault is somewhat higher; the skull as a whole is a 

 little larger, but this is discounted by the greater stature and mass 

 of the negro; the face is higher and more prognathic; the orbits are 

 higher, the nose and palate somewhat broader than in the Bushman 

 and Hottentot. 



When studied more in detail, nevertheless, the two strains — that is, 

 the Bushmen and Hottentot on one side and the negro on the other — 

 show decided and important relations. 



