20 JOURNAL OF THE 



in the southern part of Georgia, there grows a pine tree, known 

 to botanists as the Pinus Austrah's, to ordinary people as the 

 Lon2:-leaf Pine. Its heis^ht is from 60 — 80 feet, its diameter 

 2 feet above the ground from 1 to 2 J feet. It has a thin bark, 

 a cone from 6 — 8 inches long and from 4 — 6 inches across at the 

 base, a wood with very little sap, and a leaf 10 — 18 inches long 

 arranged in triplets in the sheath. A tree 60 — 70 feet in height 

 has grenerally a diameter of 15 — 18 inches for 40 feet. This 

 ' tree has also other names besides the two just quoted, as, for 

 instance, with us it is sometimes called yellow pine, pitch pine 

 and brown pine. Exported to the Northern States it is known 

 as Southern pine and red pine; while in England and the AY est 

 Indies it is termed Georgia pitch pine. For three-quarters of a 

 century it has been the chief source whence the supplies of Tur- 

 pentine and Rosin were drawn, and it will continue to be so for 

 many years to come, as we have in this State alone more than 

 five billion feet of merchantable Long-leaf pine standing. And 

 as a dead tree can hardly be considered merchantable, we may 

 feel satisfied that the supply will last fi)r many years yet. 



Our word turpentine is from the Latin terebinthus, meaning 

 the terebinth, or turpentine tree. Mention is made of this 

 tur|)entine tree in very early days, 2,000 years B. C, when 

 Abraham first went into Canaan, v/cZ. Gen., xii, 6: ^' Plain of 

 Moreh" should be "grove of turpentine trees at Moreh.'"" 



While Rosin (more correctly Resin, which is the older word), 

 at one time derived from t!ie Greek word meaning to flow, is now 

 com])ared with the Sanskrit rala (the resinous exudation from 

 the Shorea Robusta, or the "Sal'^ tree of Northwestern India). 

 The resinous exudation from this tree is much like copaiva bal- 

 sam, and a most costly camphor, Malay or Sumatra cam[)hor, is 

 obtained from it. 



But what is Turpentine? 



If I were to say that Turpentine is not Turj)entine, perhaps I 

 would be regarded as making a very foolish assertion. And yet 

 it is even so. What we call Turpentine in common life is a very 

 different thing from the Turpentine of commerce. In trade the 



