8 JOURNAL OF THE 



geological explorations through different portions of the State, 

 at his own expense. The general results of these explorations 

 he j)ublishe(l, in 1842, in a small text-book (Elements of Geol- 

 ogy, with an outline of the Geology of North Carolina; for the 

 use of the students of the University. 1842, 12 mo., 141 pp., 

 with a geological map of North Carolina). 



No further organized State work in geology was undertakei^ 

 until 1852. 



Emmons Survey, 1852—1864. 



The act authorizing this survey was passed by the General 

 Assembly at its session of 1850-'51, and ratified January 24th, 

 1851. This act, under which the survey was organized and con- 

 ducted, specified that the Governor should a[)point some suitable 

 person to make a "Geological, Mineralogical, Botanical and 

 Agricultural survey of the State,^^ and to prepar; for publication 

 reports embodying the results of his investigations, and, when 

 practicable, to deliver lectures on these subjects in. the villages of 

 the State. The geologist was to appoint, subject to the approval 

 of the Governor, such assistants as were necessary. 



The survey was sustained by an annual appropriation of five 

 thousand dollars ($5,000), authorized by the act establishing the 

 survey, to be paid upon the warrant of the Governor, out of the 

 State Treasury. This was expended under the direction of the 

 geologist, mainly, in payment of salaries. The geologist and 

 assistants bore the ordinary expenses of the survey. Publication 

 was paid for out of the State Treasury. 



Professor Emmons was appointed geologist by Governor Reid, 

 October 8th, 1851. The work of the survey was begun in Jan- 

 uary, 1852, and continuetl until the breaking out of the Civil 

 War, in 1861. Nominally the sin'vey was continued until 

 April, 1864; but during the war the geologist and assistant were 

 engaged in procuring and manufacturing munitions of war and 

 economic mineral ])roducts needed by the people of the State. 

 Professor Emmons died October 1st, 1863, and the assistant 

 geologist, Ebenezer Emmons, Jr., resigned April, 1864, which 

 latter date marks the conclusion of the Emmons survey. 



