GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 357 



Enneagonoides quoyi Huxley. 



Enneayonoiilts qniii/i Hrxi-EV, '59, p. ti"), pi. 4, fijr. 6. 



Enneagonoides picteti Bedot. 



Enneaqnnniihs pirleli Bedcit, '(Hi, p. 377, \>l. I'i, fi^. 7. 



Eudoxia rigida Schneider. 

 Endo.rUi litjidn Schneider, 'OS, p. (Ki. 



GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 



I. The Tropical Pacific. 



The oceanographic features of the region traversed by the "Albatross" 

 during the winter of 1904-1905 have been described in full by the leader of the 

 Expedition (A. Agassiz, : 06). But for a clear understanding of what is to follow, 

 I must recapitulate here such facts as are of interest to the zoogeographer. 



In the first place the Eastern Tropical Pacific, one of the largest oceanic 

 areas on the globe, is interrupted by but few small islands. "Here, if anywhere 

 we might expect to find the pelagic fauna unaffected by the disturbing elements, 

 such as vertical circulation of water, food supply, and the like, which are asso- 

 ciated with every coast line, no matter how abrupt it may he." (Bigelow, :09a, 

 p. 221). In the second place the holoplanktonic coelenterate fauna of the 

 region was previously known only from a few scattered records. And lastly, 

 and most important, the lines run by the "Albatross" were planned to give 

 sections of the great "Humboldt" or "Chile-Peruvian" Current and to afford 

 a comparison between the fauna of its cold waters and that of the warmer regions 

 to the west, southwest, and northwest of it. This Current, long known to geog- 

 raphers, has but seldom been brought to the notice of zoologists. Its axis 

 lies close to the coast, and its westerly margin is but poorly defined. At 

 about 12° S. it bends to the westward; and between that point and the Gala 

 pagos merges into the general south-equatorial drift. In breadth, and in 

 volume it is comparable to the Japan, the Benguela, and to the Guinea currents, 

 or to the Gulf Stream. But it is the reverse of the latter in being a mass of 

 cold water penetrating into a much warmer mass. At the latitude of Valparaiso 

 the surface temperatui-e in February is about 60°, from there northward the axis 

 of the stream grows graduallj' warmer. Off Callao, in November, we observed 



