LOCAL SUEFACE AND UNDERGROUND SPRINGS. 175 



over the area occupied by the springs, carrying down one 

 hole for the purpose of ascertaining if any more water ex- 

 isted to a depth of 100 feet, and inserting driven wrought- 

 iron tubes, perforated, to allow the water to enter. These 

 I coupled together by a horizontal tube, which conveyed 

 the water to the pumps direct without any outside con- 

 tamination, and I may mention that to get the full benefits 

 of the issuing water I arranged a vacuum chamber to be 

 fixed to the range of tubes, so that when the tapped spring 

 rose up with its natural head into the vacuum chamber 

 it would displace the air through a valve provided for the 

 purpose, and when this was finally closed the spring would 

 then be sucked up, or have its natural statical head rising 

 in a vacuum instead of against atmospheric pressure, which 

 increases its yield, due to the benefit gained by the loss of 

 atmospheric pressure. 



I trust the few remarks I have made have been of 

 interest to the members, and that my explanations and 

 descriptions have conveyed some idea of the engineering 

 work in connection with the collection and treatment of 

 springs. 



