MAXXHK OF MKiKATloX. 55 



ciated with the yoiin<j^. Some tiy by day, Home by niuht, 

 and others by ])Oth day and niglit. This fact was lirst 

 established by Mr. William Brewster, wlio, in his a(hiii- 

 rable memoir on Bird ]\[igration, writes : " Timid, seden- 

 tary, or feeble- winged birds migrate by night, becanse 

 they are either afraid to venture on long, exposed jour- 

 neys by daylight, or unable to continue these journeys 

 day after day without losing much time in stopping to 

 search for food. By taking the nights for traveling 

 they can devote the days entirely to feeding and resting 

 in their favorite haunts. Good examples are Thrushes 

 (except the Robin), Wrens, Warblers, and Yireos. 



" Bold, restless, strong-winged birds migrate chiefly, 

 or very freely, by day, because, being accustomed to seek 

 their food in open situations, they are indiiferent to con- 

 cealment, and being further able to accomplish long dis- 

 tances rapidly and with slight fatigue, they can ordi- 

 narily spare sufficient time l)y the way for brief stops 

 in places where food is abundant and e:isily obtained. 

 Under certain conditions, however, as when crossing 

 large bodies of Avater or regions scantily supplied with 

 food, they are sometimes obliged to travel partly, or per- 

 haps even exclusively, by night. Excellent examples are 

 the liobin {Merula)^ Horned Lark {Otocoris), and most 

 Icteridce [Bobolink, Blackbirds, and Orioles]. 



" Birds of easy, tireless wing, which habitually feed in 

 the air or over very extensive areas, migrate exclusively 

 by day, because, being able either to obtain their usual 

 supply of food as they fly, or to accom]:>lisli the longest 

 j<jurneys so rapidly that they do not recpiire to feed on 

 the way, they are under no necessity of changing their 

 usual habits. The l)c4 c\ami)lcs are' Swallows, Swifts, 

 anl Hawks.'' 



While Tnigratiug, birds follow mountain chains, coast- 

 lines, and ])articulai-ly ri\cr valleys, all ot" which Ixvonio 



