108 KKCKNT MADKKPOKAKIA OK THK HAWAIIAN ISLANDS AND LAYSAM. 



Family Fl'NC illD.K Dana. 



1846. Fungi.t (part) Da.sa, Zoo|ih. Wilkif^ Kxpl. Kxiiml., p. 283. 



1849. Fungia- Milne Ki)\v.\ki)s and II.mmk, Comptrs rend. Acad. Sci., Paris, XXIX, p. 71. 



1884. Ptm(/iid:c DvaCAfi, .Jour. Linn. Soc. London, Zoo]., XVIII, p. 141. 



190.5. Fiinfflld.r Vai-(;h.\n, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVIII, p. 379. 



In the last paper" cited in tlii.s .syiioiniiiy. this family was detined as follows: 



Coralluni simple or cnlonial, depre.s.sed or mitroid in form, septa of higher cycles usually perforate., 

 those of the lower cycles perforate or solid. Synaiiticnla, hut no dissepiments, present. Wall in the 

 adult perforate or compact. No e|''thcca. 



The above (iiaj;iiosis of the family [jfohably shoidd })e supplemented by the 

 following: 'I'he eniiuyo beeome.s attached and forms a trophozooid,'' which gives rise 

 to bndsaritlioblasts); the latter, by lateral growth, develop into anthoc_vathi; these by 

 detailinieiit form free individuals. The free anthocyatiii may remain simple (the 

 genus FioHjia) or, by asexual reproduction, become colonial. The following remarks 

 were added: 



The mode of formation of the " anthocyatiii " of J^2/«(/ /a has been known for 

 many years, Stutchbury having first described it in 1830. ■" Bourne has made the 

 mode of reproduction of FuiHjiu the subject of very detailed investigations. It has 

 been proved for nearly every known species of the genus that the free disks are pro- 

 duced by buds, which become detached from a parent stock (originally a trophozooid). 



J. Stanley Gardiner, in his Fungid Corals collected in the South Pacific,'' pub- 

 lished the extremely interesting observation concerning Ilalomltra {II. irregularis 

 Gardiner) that 



the free coralluni seems, from my specimens (2), to have lieen formed in a somewhat similar manner 

 to that of the genus FitiKjia — by the breaking off of disks from an attached stock. At first there is one 

 large central polyp with radiating septii; then, as growth proceeds, a number of calicular fossje appear 

 around this. On becoming free the central polyp may perhaps persist or, as in my specimens, may 

 become indistinguishable from the daughter polyps, the septa gradually losing their regular radiating 

 arrangement in the center of the ccilony. 



In order to di.scover how generally the compound genera of the Fungiida^ might 

 show evidence of having originally been trophozooids. 1 examined specimens of five 

 of the genera: 



Ilnloiiiitra jjliilippinensis Studer, young. Shows a very distinct scar of 

 detachment. 



ZiKipilK.s ecldmdux Dana (probably type specimen). Shows a very distinct scar 

 of detachment. Tliis genus is scarcely more than a Ihdoiiiifra with very few calices, 

 and these are near the central corallite. 



Vnjptahiu'ia faljiind (Lamarck). There is some suggestion of a detachment scar, 

 but the evidence is not positive. 



«A critical review of the literature on the simple genera of the Madreporaria Fnngida, with a 

 tentative classification. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXVIII, 1905, pp. ;^71-424. 



bQ. C. Bourne, On the postembrvonic licvelopnient of Fungia, Sci. Trans. R(jv. Dublin Soc, V 

 (2dger.), 1898, p. 20ti. 



<^Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XVI, 1.S30, pp. 4!»:i— 198. 



(Troe Zool. Soc. London, 1898, pp. 527-528. 



