50 KKCKNT MADRKI'ORARIA i>K THK HAWAIIAN ISLANDS AND LAYSAN. 



not [.rotrudc beyond il and often are poiipherall.v excavated. The interseptal loculi 

 are nsiuilly open to tlie base of the coralhiin. and apparently are never greatly tilled 

 with stereophisin. Columella tiabeeular, variahl(> in development. 



/>/'.•</, •i/>ii/ifw.~A\most world-wide; eastern Atlantic Ocean, South Africa, the 

 Indian Ocean, East Indies, the western and central Pacific Ocean generally. 



This species was lirst described from specimens brought to Lesson, presumably 

 collected around the Hawaiian Islands. Since then it has been found in many sea.s 

 and reported under its original name or some one of its numerous synon\-ms, but no 

 expedition had again found it in the vicinity of the type locality. The Albatross 

 expedition of ['.H)-2 obtained 1 U specimens, divisible into four varieties. As these 

 specimens arc very interesting they have been carefidly studied, and the results 

 obtained are subsecjuently presented. My own data are supphmiented by those 

 l)ul)lishcd l)y Duncan" and by Gardiner.'' 



(iray discussed the synonymy of this species and placed in it sixteen of tne 

 forms recognized as distinct by Milne Edwards and Haime. 



Oardincr placed in the synonym}' of J^. jxirtminun), F. d'tstinctmii Milne Edwards 

 and Haime. /''. jKiteus and (iiistnde of Moseley, and F. pavipitvonhnnii Alcock. I 

 have added F. latum Studcr, and F. laindliilosuni, described by Ah^ock in his last 

 paper, and F. cJmnii von Maivnzeller. This procedure refers seven specific names to 

 the .synonymy of F. ■pm^oninnin. Duncan'' united FJaheUain e,vtensui» (Michelin) 

 with F. dist/ncfuiii, but the evidence for this conclusion does not seem to me suffi- 

 cient, although Duncan may be correct. It does not appear unlikely that several 

 of the southern European Tertiary species of Flahdlain may, upon closer study, 

 prove to be coimected with F. pavoniniim thi'ough the varietal form F. dtstinctinii. 

 Another group of species closely related to F. paronlnum is those described bj^ 

 Philippi from the Tertiary formations of Chile, namelj', Llthoiiiyces nequalls and 

 costatus.'' The former especially seems near Z'^. piivdiiiiiuin. Philippics genus Litho- 

 myces is a precise .synonym of Ftahidhuii. 



The characters t)y which the various corals here united under the .specific name 

 F. pavonhutiih were separated are presented in the following s3niopsis. The original 

 descriptions of all the.se forms are s(d).se(juently given in discussing the varieties. 



SYNOPSIS <)1-- THE DIKKKKKXTIAI, CIIAKACTKHS (IK THK COKALS 1:.\1TE1> \V[TH F. PAVONINUM. 



, , , , , , . , , Cnllfrt in the present paper- 



Angle of lateral edges with each otlicr mure tlian 180°. 



7 cycles of septa, 4S jirinripals, height ;i!t inin., length of <-aUci' 



47 mm. /•'. Ifwuilnlnsiim A Icock var. IdwHIu/dsmn Alcoek. 



Angle of lateral edges with each other about 180°. 



6 cycles of septa, 48 principals. /•; pavoninuin Lesson typical. 



"Trans. Zool. rSor. London, VIIL ^^T-^, P- 322. 



''Marine Invest, in South .\friea, II, 1902, p. 12;-!. 



•■Proe. Zool. Soc. London, 1849, pp. 7.5, 76. 



''Trans. Zool. Soc. London, VIII, 1878, p. 128. 



'Tert. und Quart. Verstein. Chiles, 1887, p. 28.5, jil. i,iv, tigs. 1-4. 



