12r. KKCKNT MADUKI'OHARTA OF THE TIAWAIIAN ISLANDS AND LAYSAN. 



I desire to cha.it^c Dodcrlein's (.nlcr of the dL^^cussion of the species of Fnngm 

 for the piirposes of tiiis paper, protVrriiiy the following order: 



F. Kcahrn I)('iderleiii. 



F. plana Stiider. 



F. conciniKi Verrill. 



F. repanda Dana. 



F. granulosa Klnnzinger. 



F. sainhoangeniils Vuughan. 



F. acUniformh Quoy and Gainiard. 



F. horrida Dana. 



F. fiuhrtjMiidd Doderlein. 



F. danai Milne Fidwards and Iluinie. 



F. madagascanniiis Vaughan. 



F. lacera Vei-riil. 



F. fungites (Linna-us). 



F. scutarla Laniar<k. 



F. /xiuinotensifi Stntchbur}'. 



F. echinata Pallas. 

 These 16 so-called species are represented in the collections in my hands. Pro- 

 hably F. plana .Studcr, F. roncinna \'errill, and F. ri-punda Dana form a con- 

 tinuous series. 



As the relationshi]) ln'tween Ct/closeris and Diaserls has already been sufficiently 

 considered, only the relationship between Ci/eloseris and Fungia will now be dis- 

 cussed. 



1. The wall in CydosirU is imperforate; so is the wall in F. scalmi and F. jilana, 

 F. jilana^ F. conchina, and F. repaiahi form a closely related, or even a continuous 

 series, with a passage from a solid wall to one that is abundantly perforate. Cycloserii 



. can not bo separated from Fungia on mural characters. In the trophozooid 

 stage of all Fungix in which that stage is known, also in the anthoblast stage, 

 and in that part of the anthocyathus near the anthocaulus, the Avail is solid. 

 The wall may continue to 1)0 solid, or it may be interrupted in its development, 

 leaving pores or slits. The pores or slits may remain open or be subsequently tilled 

 by a deposit of stereoi)lasm. A compact wall is primitive in Fungia and its allies; 

 the perforate wall a later development. 



2. Cijcloiserifi in its youngest stage has six septa, Fungia twelve. Mr. Gardiner 

 in his study of the very young trophozooids of Cycloseris hexagonalisioxmA originally 

 only six primary septa; Mr. Bourne in his study of Fungia found in his youngest 

 specimens twelve entocodic sej^ta, six of which were larger than the others. In 

 testing the observations of Mr. (tardincr and Mr. Bourne, I have never found cither 

 observer in error, but I do not consider that Mr. Bourne has proved that Fungia 

 originally has twelve entocadic septa. He did not work with larvic in which he 

 could watch the actual beginning of the formation of the septa, but worked with 

 young specimens sent him l)y Professor Haddon. It is well hero to bear in mind the 

 work of von Marenzcllcr and von Koch on Flahdlum. Von Marenzeller contended 



