158 RKIENT MAUREPOKAKtA Of THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS AND LAYSAN. 



ACROPORA ECHINATA (Dana). 



I'laU'S WAX, U riatf LI, tig. 1. 



1846. Mnrlr<T>orn echinata Dana, Zooph., V. S. Expl. Exped., p. 4tU, pi. xxxvi, figs. 1, la. 



1893. Madrepora echlnata Brook, Cat. Genus Madrepora, p. 185. 



1001. .Vailrepom echinata Studer, Zool. Jahrb.. Syst., XIV, p. 416, pi. xxix, fig. 8. 



Tlii.-i specio,-< lias heon separately reported from the Hawaiian Islands h^- both 

 Brook and Studer. I have .seen no 8]jeeiniens of it from there. 



Professor Studer says: 



The sperimen before me is attached by a wide, flat base to the shell of a pearl mussel. Unfor- 

 tunately it is damaged, tlie tips of the branches being broken off. However, an identification of the 

 species with the descriptions and figures of Dana, Milne Edwards, an<l Brooks can be made, only the 

 specimen is smaller in all dimensions than Dana's typical specimens, which come from the Fijis. 

 The undivided tubular calices never attain a length of 20 mm., but at most only 7-8 mm.; if they are 

 longer they always possess short lateral ends. 



Some interesting observations on the expanded base of this .specimen and its 

 bearings on the affinities of Acropora and Astreopora follow. 



Locality. — Hawaii. 



JRei/iarks. — Through the courtesy of Profes.sor Studer 1 am able to reproduce a 

 photographof the specimen on which he based the preceding remarks (Plate LI, fig. 1). 

 I am also giving figures of Dana's type of Jladrepora ec/dnata (Plates XLIX and L). 



Genus MONTIPORA Quoy and Gaiinard. 



Until IWl only three species of Montipora had been reported from the Hawaiian 

 Islands. They were M. vcrrucom (Lamarck), M. vupituUi (Dana), which is a .synonym 

 of the preceding, and M. patuhi Verrill. Professor Studer, in 1901, added two 

 more species, M. dilatata and M. fiabelldUi ^ raising the number to four. The col- 

 lection made b}' the U. S. Fish Commission expedition in 1!»02 appears to contain 

 five spec'ies. only one of which could be identilied with one previously described. 

 Professor Brigham has sent me 22 specimens representing three species, P. verrucosa, 

 P. dlhttdfd. and another that is here descrilied as new, but which was also collected 

 by the AJhafnixy. I have tiierefore described four as new, which l)rings the numl)er 

 up to eight. It may be that there are not so many species as are here recognized; 

 however, from the present collections and the present status of the literature, as these 

 eight appcMir W(>11 characterized, it seems probal)le that the number can not be reduced 

 before more extensive collections have been made. 



In preparing the following descriptions and in arranging the species exteu.sive 

 n.se has l)eeM made of Bernard's exctdlent work. The Genus Montipora, in Vol- 

 ume HI of the Catalogue of Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural 

 History). In this work five principal subdivisions, based upon the character of 

 coenenchyma, are recognized in the genus. The nomenclature of his categories is 

 employed in the following synopsis and in the subsequent descriptions. I am not 

 altogether positive of the position of 2L dilatata, but it appears to belong where I 

 ha\e put it. 



