100 RECENT MADREI'OKAKIA (»K THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS AND LAVSAN. 



Lo(i(Jlti/. - 1 ja vsan . 



R, iitdi'l-.^Vvoi. ^. E. Ducrdcii collected L specimen of a Montipmri that s<iem.s 

 to belong- to this species. A view of the specimen is given on Plate XCII; a 

 description does not seem iiccessaiy. 



II. PAPILLATK. 



2. MONTIPORA VERRUCOSA i LamarckV 



l'lat.'S LI I!. MV. LV, LVI, LVII, LVIII, LIX (all figs.). 



1816. Pnriles verrucosa Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., II, p. 271. 



1846. Manojiura capitata Dana, Zooph. AVilkes Expl. Exped., p. 504, pi. xlvii, fig. 4. 



1846. Manopora verrucosa Dana, Zooph. Wilkes Expl. Exped., p. 506. 



1886. Montipora rerr^wosn Quklch, Reef corals, Challenger Repts., p. 176. 



1886. Montipora mpitdta Qi^elcii, Reef corals, Challenger Repts., p. 176. 



1897. Montipora reirncom Bernard, Cat. Madr. Corals, Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ill, ji. 103, ]il. 



XIX, fig. 2 (Synonymy). 

 1901. Monliporii rerrucosa Studer, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., XL, ]). 417. 



Not— 

 1830. Montipora verrucosa de Blainville, Diet. Sci. Nat., LX, p. 355 {=31. obtusata Quelch). 

 1833. Montipora verrucosa Quoy and Gai.mard, Voy. Astrolabe, Zool., IV, p. 247 {=M. Joieolata 



Dana). 

 1879. Moiilipora verrucosa Khinzinger, Korallth. Rotli. Meer., Pt. 2, p. 35, pi. v, figs. 14, 15; 



pi. VI, fig. 10; pi. X, fig. 7 (=M. veiiosa Ehrenberg). 



Honiard has ])iil)lished an excellent description of this .species. As he has had 

 so much e.xperience with this g-euus I prefer quoting what he saj's to drawing up a 

 new one. 



Descr-lption. — Corallum may he either thick, explanate, and incrusting, or 

 iiiiissivc, the thick hut narrow free edge being supported b^' an epitheca. The 

 former method of growth, by the continued incrusting of previous irregular growths, 

 may result in the formation of clumps of irregular, stout, branching processes; or, 

 again, l)y tlie edge creeping under the growing mass, free, rounded coralia are 

 I'ormcd. witht)ut definite points of attachment, and completelj' covered by the coral. 

 In tiic nmssive method of growth the corallum thickens by the steady growth of the 

 cd'iu'iichynm in the more central regions of the colony. 



( 'alleles numerous, conspicuous as open holes, large (about l.U mm.), tleeply 

 immersed, except near the growing edges or on surfaces which have grown in 

 uni'avoriible jjositions; in these cases the calicles ai-e smaller and open on the smooth 

 surface of tin! coenencliyma. Two and sometimes three cycles of short, thick septa, 

 more or less equally developed, projecting but a very little way into the polyp 

 cavity, and leaving a large open fossa, in the depths of which the septa fuse to form 

 an irregular columella, .\djoiiiing calicles are sometimes separated from one another 

 by a single thin, jxMforated j)late. Tabuhe may be formed in the lengthening 

 calicles of massive growths. 



The ccenenchyma shows tlie usual streaming layer, which bends upwaid 

 toward tlie surface, attaining in th(> massive forms a great thickness (6 to 7 cm.). 

 This reticulum is slightly echinulate at the surface. The interstices usually swell up 



