BULLETIN 5!», UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 167 



and may occur on its most elevated portion, ihose caiices .situaletl on the summits 

 of cylindrical elevations iiave probably been developed at the summits of uprijfht 

 cylindriciil papilhi'. Tiie wliole c<enenchymal surfiice is denseh' beset with tine, 

 rather low, delicate spinules, which usually are pointed, though some are forked. 

 The reticulum may l>e almost solid or porous, but in the latter case the trabecuhe 

 have evidently been considerably thickened. 



The transverse section of the cMcnenchyma shows three layers: the very porous 

 and thickest middle streannnjy layer; a thin but compact layer resting on the epitheca; 

 and a cortical layer which in some instances is O.S imn. tliick. This last layer appears 

 almost solid in cross-section; a few minute holes can be seen; it is in strong contrast 

 to the very porous streaming layer. 



Locality. — Vicinity of Kauai Island. Station 4024; depth, 24—43 fathoms; bot- 

 tom coarse coral sand, foraminifera , temperature, 73. 7-" F. ; ^^ specimens. 



Cotypes.—C&i. No. 20S17, U.S.N.M. 



Reiuarl'tt. — These specimens were very puzzling, as it was difficult to decide 

 whether they should l)e referred to M. r<'rruco.s(i or J/, fiahelhitn, or be described as a 

 new species. The last mentioned course has been followed. I have been able to study 

 over 30 specimens of M. verrucom. It is, as Bernard has said, a tremendoush' variable 

 species, but not one of those specimens exhibits the most striking characteristics of 

 what I am calling M. studerl. These characteristics of M. studerl are: the radially 

 arranged papilhe, which are elongate, sloping upwaid and outward, with the calices 

 often occurring on them. According to Professor Studer, his M. jialiellatd has very 

 little epitheca on the base, while the whole of the base of M. 8tudei% is covered by 

 epitheca. He does not mention calices as occurring on the papilla'; his illustration 

 represents a corallum with much more crowded calices and with papilhv more pro- 

 nouncedly concentric in arrangement. 



This species is dedicated to Professor Studer. 



III. TUBERCULATE. 



7. MONTIPORA PATULA Verrill. 



Plate LXV, tigs. 1, la, V,, \r. 



1869. Montipora patula Verrh.l, I'roc. Essex Inst., VI, p. S7. 



1897. Montipora ;>«/«/« Berx.^kd, Cat. Madreporarian Cor., Brit. .Miis. (Xat. Hist.), Ill, p. 144. 



Not 

 1886. Monlipora patula Quelch, Reef Cor., Challenger Rept., p. 174 (= M. pellifomm Bernanl). 



Original descriptimi. — Profe.s.sor Verrill's original description was as follows: 



Corallum thin, partially explanate, attached and incrustiiis at the centor, the- edges free and 

 nearly horizontal for a width of 4 inches or more. The corallnm at half an inch from the edge is 

 0.1.5 of an inch [3.7.5 mm.] thick; at '■'t inches, 0.30 [7..5 mm.] ; texture very porous, hut tolerably firm. 

 Tlie lower surface is destitute of papilliforni processes, and nearly even, composed of a very porous 

 siKingiform tissue, roughened witli minute sharp points. The cells are very small (0.01 in. =0.25 mm. ), 

 regular, wholly innnersed, surroun(le<l l)y a circle of small S|)inule.s, thickly si'jiUered over the surface, 

 except toward the edge, W'hen they are generally more ilistant and ofti'n larger, usually with VI 

 very small, rudimentary septa. Up[)er surface very porous, somewhat uti<lulated, a little imeven, 

 thickly covered with small, iuic<iual prominent, roiuid-topped papill:i', which have a very open spong- 

 iform texture, their surface covered with rough projections. Sonietinics the.-*e papill;e are less devel- 

 oped and appear like small rounded clusters of spongy trabicuhe, which project all over the surface, 



