BULLETIN 59, UNTIED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 169 



'J'hero arc two cvfles of •^opta. tlic secondaries smaller or rudinientary, of the 

 jiriinarics the directives an^ the more developed. 



The c(ciuMichyiiial sm-i'ace is what Heriiai'd calls tuhcrculate. 0\er the surface, 

 hut esp(>cially around tli(> calices, ai'c tul)crclcs \arying in size, frequently 1 nun. or 

 more in licioht and 0.4 nun. in diameter, the sunmiits are rounded, the whole surface 

 minutely s[)inulose. texture sponi>y. A riiio- of three to six of these tubercles often 

 surrounds a cali<ular mouth. It appears tiiat the tube of the elevated calices has been 

 formed through the fusion of the tubercles in a ring and that they have carried the 

 calicular moutii upward. The cwnenchymal surface is further roughened by minute 

 branched spinules t)etween the tubercles. 



The extremely rough character of the upper surface of this species is its most 

 striking feature: First, its surface is undulated ))y irregularities of growth; second, 

 some calices are elevated, while others are not at all: third, there are numerous 

 tubercles that have rough surfaces; fourth, l)etween the papilla' are numerous 

 >)ranched spinules. 



The surface of the reticuluiu is loose and porous. In a cross section, the laj'er 

 in which the trabecuhe bend upward from the streaming layer is distinguishable, 

 but the upper layer shows very little compacting. 



Localities. — Reef at Kaunakakai, Molokai, A/hatroxi^, 1902; Kahana and Kaneohe, 

 Oahu, W. T. Brigham. 



rofi/pes.—Cnt. >[os. LI.S.N.M. 2()81!t, U. S. Fish Commission, and 21628, W. T. 

 Brigham. 



Hei/uirks. — This species groups with J/, jiatuia Verrill. Professor Verrill 

 slates that in that species the calices are ail sunken, whereas in J/, vetrilii there are 

 numerous elevated calices. The mode of growth also is different, M. patula having 

 "the edges free and nearly horizontal for a width of four inches or more," while 

 practically tlie whole lower surface of M. ctrrilli is incrusting. 



Family POKITID.E Dana. 



Genus PORITES Link. 



1807. Poriles Link, Best-hreib. Xatur. Saininl. Kostm-k. p. 162. 



1816. Porih's Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Aniin. saiif^ Vert., II, ji. 267. 



1899. Porite Bernard, .lour. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., XXVII, pp. 127-149. 



1900. Poritex BERS.\Rn, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, XXVII, pp. 487-50;^, pi. .\.\.\v. 



1902. Porilcs DcERDEN, Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci., Washington, Xlll, pp. 426, 466, 474, 513, 549. 

 1905. Porileii Bernard, Porites of the Indo-Pacific Region, Cat. Madrep., Brit. Mus. (Nat. 

 Hist.), V. 



\\'ithin the last few years tlie researches of Bernard and Diierden have thrown 

 much light on the morphologv of the calices of Poritex; but as it would require too 

 much space to giv(> ii complete summary of the results ()btaine(l through their inves- 

 tigations the reader is referred to their memoirs, especially to Bernard's I'oriten of 

 the Indo-Pacitic Region, pp. 12-22. 



Bernard distinguishes two nuu'al types in ]'<iritix: 



First. Calices in which there is one septal granule between a palus and the wall. 

 In calices of this type, according to Bernard, there is outside the columellar tangle a 



