28 CYPEEACEAE. 



oval. 2.5-3 mm. long, blunt, closely imbricate, delicately ribbed: achenes 

 elliptic or slightly broadest above the middle, 1.5 mm. long, dark-brown, dull. 

 —Everglades.— F. K. {Bah., Cuba, Ant.) 



15. C. echinatus (Ell.) Wood. Perennial, 1-5 dm. tall: leaves pale-green; 

 blades 3-4 mm. wide: umbel 6-13-rayed: rays filiform, their sheaths short, 

 mucronate: spikelets 4-8 mm. long, linear, ^at, capitate in globose heads: 

 scales thin, pale-green, appressed, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 9-13-nerved, with 

 narrow scarious margins: achene oblong-obovoid, 2 mm. long, about twice as 

 long as thick. — Pinelands. — {Ber., Ant.) 



16. C. brunneus Sw. Perennial, 3-7 dm. tall: leaves overtopped by the scape; 

 blades 2-7 mm. wide, smooth, sometimes involute: umbel compound, capitate, 

 or 3-5 of the rays becoming 1-7 cm. long: spikelets linear or linear-lanceolate, 

 10-15 mm. long, chestnut-colored, densely crowded: scales oval or ovate-oval, 

 nearly 3 mm. long, often apiculate, conspicuously ribbed: achenes elliptic- 

 obovoid, fully 1.5 mm. long, dark-brown. [C. Ottonis Boeckl.] — Coastal sand- 

 dunes. — F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ant.) 



2. FUIRENA Eottb. Caulescent herbs with many-flowered terete spikelets 

 in terminal and axillary clusters, or rarely solitary. Scales spirally imbricate, 

 awned, the 1 or 2 lower commonly empty. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 3 

 ovate, oblong, or cordate-ovate, stalked, often awned sepals, usually alternating 

 with as many downwardly barbed bristles. Achene stalked or nearly sessile, 

 sharply 3-angled, smooth. — Umbrella-grass. 



Leaves mere bladeless or nearly bladeless sheaths : stem reclining. 1. F. scirpoidea. 

 Leaves with well-developed blades : stem erect. 2. F. breviseta. 



1. F. scirpoidea Michx. Plants reclining: leaf-blades obsolete or rudimentary: 

 spikelets not bristly; scales mucronate: sepal-blades oblong-ovate, not ciliate: 

 achene-body fully 1 mm. long, longer than wide, stipitate. — Everglades. 



2. F. breviseta Coville. Plants erect: leaf -blades linear: spikelets bristly; 

 scales with recurved awn-tips: sepal-blades ovate-cordate, ciliate: achene- 

 body less than 1 mm. long, fully as wide as long, not stipitate. — Everglades and 

 low pinelands. 



3. SCIRPUS [Tourn.] L. Caulescent or scapose herbs, the leaves some- 

 times reduced to basal sheaths. Spikelets solitary, capitate, spicate, or umbel- 

 late, usually involucrate. Scales spirally imbricate, the 1-3 lower sometimes 

 empty. Flowers perfect. Perianth of 1-6 slender or rigid, barbed, pubescent 

 or smooth bristles, or rarely none. Achene triangular, lenticular, or plano- 

 convex. 



1. S. validus Vahl. Scapes stout, terete, smooth, 1-3 m. tall, sometimes 2 

 cm. in diameter, sheathed below: involucral bract solitary, erect, shorter than 

 the umbel: umbel compound, appearing lateral, its primary rays 3-10 cm. 

 long: Vjracts linear-lanceolate: spikelets becoming oblong-cylindrie, in mostly 

 capitate clusters of 2-5, sessile or some of them peduncled, 5-lG mm. long, 

 3-4 mm. in diameter: perianth-bristles 4-0, downwardly barbed, equalling or 

 longer than the achene: achenes plano-convex, obovoid, 2-2.5 mm. long, gray, 

 abruptly mucronate, dull. — Everglades and stream-banks. — (Ber., Bah., Cuba, 

 Ant.) —Great-bulrush. 



4. ELEOCHARIS R. Br. Scapose herbs. Leaves reduced to sheaths or 

 the lowest very rarely blade-bearing. Scapes simple. Spikelets solitary, 

 terminal, erect, several-many-flowered, not involucrate or rarely with 2 small 

 subtending bracts. Scales spiral. Perianth of 1-12 bristles, usually retrorsely 



