CARDUACEAE. 



183 



Family 2. CARDUACEAE. Thistle Family. 



Ilorbs or rarely slirubs or trees. Flowers borne in heads, the marginal 

 ones commonly dili'erino- from the central ones in having a 1-sided, more 

 or less elongate corolla limb. Pappus usually present and often con- 

 spicuous. 



Perfect flowers with regular corollas, or the tube rarely partly open on one side. 

 Stigmatic linos at the base of the stigma or below the middle. 



Stigmas filiform or subulate, hispidulous. 

 Stigma more or less clavate, papillose-puberu- 

 lent. 

 Stigmatic lines extending to the tip of the stigma 

 or to the appendages. 

 Anthers without elongated appendages at the 

 top. 

 Anther-sacs tailed at the base. 

 Anther-sacs not tailed at the base. 

 Keceptaclo naI<od. 



Bracts of the involucre well imbri- 

 cated. 

 Stigmas of the perfect flowers 



with terminal appendages. 

 Stigmas of the perfect flowers 

 with truncate or hairy or 

 papillose tips. 

 Bracts of the Involucre little if at 

 all imbricated, except when the 

 broad outer ones overlap the inner. 

 Receptacle chaffy. 

 Anthers with elongated, cartilaginous, mostly 

 connate appendages at the top. 

 Perfect flowers, or all, with bilabiate corollas (corol- 

 las nearly regular in Gochnatia) . 



TuiBii I. VERNONIEAE. 

 Tribh II. EITATORIEAE. 



TribH IV. INULEAE. 



TuiBii HI. ASTEREAE. 



Tribh VI. HELENIEAE. 



Tribh 

 Tribe 



VII. SENECIONEAE. 

 V. HELIANTHEAE. 



Tribh VIII. CYNAREAE. 

 Tribh IX. MUTISIEAE. 



Tribe I. VERNONIEAE. 

 ries: corollas regular: heads neither glomerate nor Involucrate. 



1. \ERNONI.^. 



Pappus of 2 se 



Pappus of 1 series : corollas irregular, split on the inner 

 side : heads glomerate and Involucrate. 



Tribh II. EUPATORIEAB. 



2. Elephantopds. 



4 bracts, 5-many-flowered. 



Achenes 3-5-angled, ribless. 

 Involucre of more than 

 Receptacle flat. 



Receptacle conic. , ^ ^ , 



Involucre of 4 bracts, or rarely of more, 4-flowered. 

 Achenes 8-10-ribbed or 8-10-striate. 



Bracts of the Involucre herbaceous, neither striate 

 nor nerved. 

 Receptacle naked : heads spicate or racemose. 

 Receptacle chaffy : heads corymbose. 

 Bracts of the involucre not herbaceous, striate-nerved. 



Tribe III. ASTEREAE. 

 Ray-flowers present, or rarely wanting: plants not 

 dioecious. 

 Ray-flowerg with yellow corollas. 



Pappus, at least that of the disk flowers, of dif- 

 ferent series, the inner of capillary bristles, 

 the outer of scales or of shorter bristles. 

 Pappus of the ray obsolete or a mere crown : 



achenes of the ray turgid. 

 Pai'pns of the ray copious : achenes of the ray 

 flattened. 

 Pappus wholly of capillary bristles. 



Receptacle pubescent, flmbriUate : ray-flowers 



more numerous than those of the disk. 

 Receptacle alveolate : ray-flowers fewer than 

 those of the disk. 



EUPATORIUXr. 



CONOCLINIUM. 



MiKANIA. 



Laciniaria. 

 Carphephords. 



KUHNIA. 



9. Hetekotiieca. 



10. ClIRYSOPSIS. 



11. Euthamia. 



12. solidago. 



