CICHORIACEAE. 199 



Spiny pinnatifld outer bracts of the Involucre shorter than the Inner. 



Basal k-aves with narrow spine-margined blades : anthers twice as long as the 



filaments. 1. C. vittatum. 



Basal leaves with broad pinnatifld blades : anthers about 



as long as the filaments. 2. O, pinetorum. 



Spiny pinnatifld outer bracts of the involucre longer than the 



inner. 3. C. horrid ul urn. 



1. C. vittatum JSiiiall. Stems 2-7 dm. tall, thinly pubescent: leaf -margins 

 undulate or sinuate, with mostly ascending spines: inner bracts of the invo- 

 lucre 30-35 mm. long: corollas about 30 mm. long: anthers much longer thau 

 the filaments. — Everglades and low pinelands. 



2. C. pinetorum Small. Stems 4-9 dm. tall, thinly pubescent: leaf-segments 

 with the terminal spines directed forward: inner bracts of the involucre 28-33 

 mm. long: corollas about 30 mm. long: anthers about as long as the filaments, 

 — Piuelauds.— F. K, (Bah.) 



3. C. horridulum Michx. Stems 3-11 dm. tall, woolly: leaf-segments with 

 spreading spines: inner bracts of the involucre 40-45 mm. long: corollas 40-43 

 mm. long, yellow (or purple in C. horridulum Elliottii) : anthers mostly 

 shorter than the filaments. — Coastal sand-dunes. 



43. CHAPTALIA Vent. Scapose small herbs, woolly throughout. Leaves 

 alternate: blades undulate to lyrate-pinnatifid. Heads nodding, at least when 

 young, solitary. Involucre mostly narrow: bracts herbaceous, ultimately re- 

 flexed. Marginal corollas ligulate. Anthers not tailed at the base: append- 

 ages lanceolate. Achenes mostly beaked or narrowed at the apex. 



1. C. dentata (L.) Cass. Plants 1-3 dm. tall: leaves spreading; blades 

 spatulate to oblanceolate, 3-11 cm. long or more, undulate or denticulate, 

 floccose above or glabrous in age, lanate-tomentulose beneath: scapes slender, 

 floccose: involucre lanate, the inner bracts becoming 17-21 mm. long, narrowly 

 linear: inner corollas 7-8 mm. long: achenes slender, the body 3.5-4.5 mm. 

 long, the beak nearlv or quite as long as the body. — Pinelands. — (Bah., Cvba, 

 Ant.) 



Family 3. CICHORIACEAE. Chicoky Fa.aiily. 



Aimual, biennial, or iierennial herbs, or partially woody plants. 

 Leaves alternate : blades entire, toothed, or parted. Flowers perfect, all 

 alike, borne in heads. Corolla ligulate, the 1-sided limb often 5-lobed at 

 the apex. Stigmas unappendaged. Achenes flat or terete. 



Achenes flattened : pappus of soft flaccid hairs. 1. Sonchus. 



Achenes cylindric or prismatic : pappus of rigid fragile bristles. 2. Hieracium. 



1, SONCHUS [Tourn.] L. Caulescent herbs. Leaf-blades entire, toothed, 

 or pinnatifld, sometimes spiny-margined. Heads erect. Involucre ovoid, or 

 swollen at the base. Achenes flattened. Pappus deciduous. — Sow^-thistle. 



1. S. oleraceus L. Stems 1-18 dm. tall: leaf -blades lyrate-pinnatifid or 

 runcinate, with soft-tipped teeth: achenes 2.5-3 mm. long, scarcely margined, 

 striate and transverse-wrinkled. — Pinelands and waste grounds. Nat. of Eu. — 

 F. K. (Ber., Bah., Cuba, Ayit.) 



2. HIERACIUM [Tourn.] L, Caulescent or scapose herbs. Leaf-blades 

 entire or toothed. Heads erect. Involucres usually cylindric or campanulate, 

 the main bracts equal in length. Achenes oblong, fusiform or columnar. 



1. H. megacephalon Nash. Plants 2-7 dm. tall, the stem and branches long- 

 hirsute: leaves mainly basal; blades oblong to spatulate, 6-17 cm. long, 

 sparingly long-hirsute and ciliate: inflorescence-branches glandular-pubescent: 

 inner bracts of the involucre 9-11 mm. long, narrowly linear: inner corollas 

 8-11 mm. long: achenes fusiform, 4-4.5 mm. long. — Pinelands. — Hawkweed. 



