OF NEW ENGLAND. 95 



ecHpt coloration of some species in autumn, and the fact that 

 many kinds, even in spring, can only be identified by most nat- 

 uralists upon a close examination, to obtain which it is nec- 

 essary to shoot the birds, when of course their habits can no 

 longer be studied. It is for these reasons that it is important 

 to know the minor notes of various species, for by these one 

 can often easily distinguish two species otherwise closely alike, 

 especially if such notes are associated with other more marked 

 characteristics. Thus one can in this way always distinguish 

 "Yellow-rumps" at a great distance, for though their ordinary, 

 "chuck" is very much like that. of the "Black-polls" (who are 

 here in autumn at the same time), yet their manner of flight is 

 different. 



(cl). The ordinary notes of the Nashville "Warblers are a 

 simple chip, a loud chink, and a peculiar alarm-note ( ?) entirely 

 characteristic, which is hardly, I think, as Wilson says, much 

 like "the breaking of small dry twigs, or the striking of small 

 pebbles of different sizes smartly against each other for six or 

 seven times," though it may be recognized by that description. 

 It is "loud enough," as that author says, "to be heard at the 

 distance of thirty or forty yards." 



Their song is simple but pretty, more resembling that of the 

 common Summer Yellow-bird {D. cestiva) or Chestnut-sided 

 Warbler than that of any other species. It may be represented 

 by the syllables ivee'-see'ivee'-see, ivit'-a-wit'-ci'-ivit'. 



(D) CELATA. Orange-crowned Warbler. 



(This species was reported from Maine by Audubon, and a 

 specimen was shot by Mr. Allen at Springfield on the fifteenth 

 Of May, 1863.) 



(a). Essentially like the Nashville Warbler (C) ; hut with 

 the slate of the latter wanting, the chestnut supplied by orange- 

 brown, and the yellow green- tinged. 



(&), Nest and eggs probably like those of the last species. 



(c). The Orange-crowned Warblers are unknown to me 

 personal!}', but probably there is little or no difference between 

 their habits and those of the Nashville Warblers, to whom they 



