APPENDIX. 441 



the young Mourning "Warblers (Geothbjpis Philadelj^hia), who 

 have no gra3^(?) or black, though recognizal)le from their 

 shape and proportions, unless confused with the " Yellow- 

 throats." 



Tanagrklce or tanaqers (§ 10), Class first. 



AmpelidcB or waxivings (§11). ^ The young of these farai- 



Jlirundinidce or sivcdlows (§ 12), ( lies are recognizable from 



Vireonidce or vireos (§13). C their likeness to their pa- 



Laniidce or shrikes (§ 14). ) rents. 



FringiUidai or finches (§ 15). The young Pine Finch (Chry- 

 somitris jnnus) often resembles the .young "Ked-polls" {^gi- 

 othi), but these species, unless very young, show respectively 

 more or less j-ellow or carmine. Our sparrows are separable 

 into two groups, with the wings decidedly longer than the tail 

 (genera Amriiodrovins, Coturniculns, Passerculus., and Pone- 

 cetes), and with the wing equal to or shorter than the tail 

 (genera Melospiza, Spizella, and Zonotrichia). The young Yel- 

 low-winged Sparrow (C*. passerhius) is spotted, but never 

 streaked, beneath. In the second group, the Spizellce are char- 

 acterized by their /or/iY'd tails. The young of jiusilla maybe 

 told from that of socialis by the reddish bill, and (faint) streaks 

 on the crown, instead of on the rump(?). Young monticola 

 has the " breast, throaty and crown, streaked." Young Melo- 

 spiza palusfris (or Swamp Sparrow) is also streaked beneath. 

 Other young finches are more easily recognized. In the Tow- 

 hee Bunting (Pijnlo eryfliropithahnus) '• very young birds are 

 streaked brown and dusky above, below whitish tinged with 

 brown and streaked with dusky ; but this plumage, correspond- 

 ing to the very early speckled condition of thrushes and war- 

 blers, is of brief duration ; sexual distinctions may be noted 

 in birds just from the nest, and they rapidly become much like 

 the adults." (Coues.) 



Alaudidm or larks (§ IG). Young easil}' recognized. 



Icteridoe or starlings (§ 17). Young like the females, but, in 

 the Cow-bird, streaked. 



Corvidoi, or croivs and jays (§ 18). Class third (?). In 

 the Canada Jay {Perisoreus Canadensis), the young are said to 

 be quite distinct, being much darker, duller, and browner. 

 Tyrannidce or flycatchers (§ 1*J). In many species, the young 

 have rufous or ochrey edgings, especially on the wings. 



The 3'oung of all our picarian birds (§ § 20-25) are easily 

 identified, except those of certain woodpeckers {Picida;, § 25). 

 In our species of Picus, " young with the crown mostl}' red or 

 bronzy, or even yellowish." (Coues.) Young Sj)hyrapici have 



