108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 6S. 



With reference to the " male " of this genus described by Milne 

 Edwards, Steenstrup and Liitken, Thomson, Bassett-Smith, and 

 T. and A. Scott, it may be said that Milne Edwards briefly de- 

 scribed a genus male but did not even mention one in connection 

 with any of the species. He was evidently describing something 

 which no other investigator has ever seen and which had no con- 

 nection with this genus at all. Steenstrup and Liitken thought it 

 probable that his description was not derived from his own ob- 

 servation, but that he mistook Nordmann's figure of a male Ancho- 

 rella {Clavella) for Pennella and based his description upon that. 



Thomson, Bassett-Smith, and Scott simply translated his mistake 

 and no one of them claimed to have seen a male. 



Steenstrup and Liitken figured under Pennella exocoeti some- 

 thing which they called " The presumable pigmy male of the species." 

 In their genus diagnosis they said that this " gave some idea of the 

 males which had hitherto been sought in vain." But they did not 

 mention it at all in their description of the species; evidently they 

 were not certain that it was a male, and had no idea of its structure. 

 Whatever it maj' have been, it certainly v\'as not a pigmy male of 

 this genus, for the males of Pennella are like those of the other 

 genera in the Lernaeidae. They do not live beyond the copepodid 

 stages, and hence are not to be found attached to the body of the 

 adult female, nor even upon the same fish. 



If one will compare carefully the copepodid males obtained by 

 Wierzejski from the gills of three cephalopod species with the cope- 

 podid males of Lemaeocera described by A. Scott (1901), with those 

 of Sarcotretes described by Jungersen (1911), and with those of 

 Lemaea here described (p. 35), there will be no doubt that they 

 were really what Wierzejski claimed them to be, the sexually ripe 

 copepodid males of some Pennella species. 



Here is the true male of the present genus, and it is one that corre- 

 sponds in every pnrticular with the other Lernaeid males already dis- 

 covered. Upon Wierzejski's descrijjtion and excellent figures are 

 based the generic characters given above. 



The adult females are found everywhere upon the body of their 

 hosts and can not be said to prefer any especial locality. The large 

 trunk of the parasite stands out from the surface of the skin, while 

 the head and long neck are buried in the tissues of the host's vital 

 organs. The tissue with which they come in immediate contact 

 forms a thick and tough covering or cyst around them, which is 

 often as large as an English walnut and sometimes attains the size of 

 a lemon. 



These cysts are usually flattened in one direction, and with age 

 they become nearly as hard as cartilage. Inside of them the liead 



