NO. 2211. GENERA DESMOGNATHUS AND LEUROGNATHUS—DVNN. 419 



with sharply defined dorsal edges, but the back shows traces of an 

 original sorios of hght dorsal spots. The blackness of the sides of 

 the tail is as characteristic of this form as of ochropliaea. Unliko 

 ochrophaea the belly of carolinensis becomes black with age. 



RemarTcs. — Although close to ochrophaea and undoubtedly inter- 

 gradiTig with it in the mountains of northern West Virginia, this form 

 tends toward the other species of the genus, with its dark beUy and 

 tubercle in the anterior angle of the eye. 



This is a very variable and puzzhng form. Some specimens are 

 exactly hke Northern ochrophaea in color; others are spotted. In 

 these the dorsal coloration may be red or yellow. Most of the larger 

 specimens are uniform purphsh. 



There is an unmistakable trend toward fusca in specimens from 

 the French Broad Valley at Brevard. This is doubtless correlated 

 with the difference in habitat from mountain specimens mentioned 

 below. At Asheville in the French Broad Valley, fusca occurs. 



It is quite possible that intergradation takes place, but until it is 

 proved, I think it best to let carolinensis stand as a subspecies of 

 ochrophaea because I beheve ochrophaea to be derived from caroli- 

 nensis rather than horn. fusca. At any rate the form carolinensis is 

 betv\^een the ioriafusca and the form ochrophaea in characters. 



Brevard carolinensis are much smaller than/'wsca; their (coloration 

 is like that of the mountain specimens in frequently having the 

 immaculate dorsal stripe \\\\m\i fusca does not have; the tails of 

 about haK the specimens are cyhndrical, half have the tail somewhat 

 flattened, and a few of the smaUost have a doi*sal keel on the tail. 

 Typical /wsca has a decidedly flattened tail with an evident doreal 

 keel. Asheville specimens are hke ordinary /wsca, but seem slightly 

 smaller. 



Cope (1889) mentions this form as a variety of ochrophaea. 



Habits. — In the low grounds of the French Broad River at Bre- 

 vard, North Carohiia, I found them in such places as monticola or 

 fusca would frequent, but they rarely occurred with monticola, as the 

 latter did not range into the low grounds. Higher up in the moim- 

 tains, at Pink Beds and LinviUe carolinensis is almost wholly terres- 

 trial. But occasional exceptions were found. Thus at LinviUe they 

 were found everywhere from under a rock in water to under the bark 

 of a tree five feet from the ground. By far the greater numl)er, how- 

 ever, were under logs on the ground. 



I found two females with eggs in J\i\j. They had 10 to 15 eggs 

 apiece, a very small batch compa.red with the 30 eggs of average 

 fusca. 



No larvae have been seen and it is somewhat doubtful whether 

 there is any definite aquatic larval stage. 



The males lose the vomerine teeth at a length of 65 to 75 mm. 



