400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.53. 



of Eastern North America. Thus the distribution oifusca is roughly 

 the eastern deciduous forest; ochrophaea the northern coniferous 

 forest; carolinensis the southern extension of the same; and auri- 

 culata the southern coniferous forest. 



LIST OP SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES WITH TYPE-LOCALITIES, 



Besmognathus quadramaculata (Holbrook), Carolina. 



Desmognathus monticola Dunn, Brevard, North Carolina. 



Besmognathus fusca fusca (Rafinesque), northern New York. 



Besmognathus fusca auriculata (Holbrook), Riceboro, Georgia. 



Besmognathus Irimleyorum Stejneger, Hot Springs, Arkansas. 



Besmognathus ochrophaea ochrophaea Cope, Susquehanna County, 

 Pennsylvania. 



Besmognathus ochrophaea carolinensis Dunn, Mount Mitchell 

 North Carohna. 



Key to adults of Desmognathus. 



a*. Tail not keeled, cylindrical. Small species. 



6'. No tubercle in the anterior angle of the eye; belly light 



D. ochrophaea ochrophaea. 



b^. A tubercle in the anterior angle of the eye; belly dark 



D. ochrophaea carolinensis. 

 a'. Tail keeled above. Large and medium species. 

 6'. Belly uniformly colored. 



c*. Belly black; large and stout; tail short D. quadramaculata. 



<?. Belly light; tail long; no light spots on sides X>. monticola. 



6». Belly mottled . 



c'. No light spots on sides D. fusca fu^ca. 



c.^ A row of light spots on sides. 



d^. Belly dark D. fusca auriculata. 



cP. Arkansas. Belly light D. brimleyorum. 



IDENTIFICATION OF LARVAE. 



From the larvae of other genera of Plethodontidae (except only 

 Leurognathus marmorata, q. v.) larvae of Besmognathus may be told by 

 their glistening white gills, which are never so long or so large as the 

 gills of Spelerpes, etc., larvae. The legs are stout, especially the 

 hind pair. The whole outline of the body and the markings are very 

 like those of the adult. I have seen larva of quadramaculata and 

 fusca. These may be distinguished by the larger size and uniform 

 pigmentation of quadramaculata. Larvae of fusca, monticola, or 

 carolinensis are not foimd during July and August, but larvae of 

 quadramaculata are found throughout the summer. 



Larvae oifusca are found among leaves and debris in very shallow 

 water near the surface. Larvae of quadramaculata are found under 

 rocks in the mountain brooks where the adult is also found. 



Spelerpes larvae, on the other hand, are usually found on the bottom 

 of springs and small streams. 



