NO. 2211. GENERA DESMOONATHUS AnD LEVROONATHUS—DUNN. 407 



brooks and the springs along the sides of the roads simply teem with 

 this species. It wanders more openly than do the otiior species of 

 the genus. I once sat on the side of a road under a tree during a 

 rain and four or five large examples crossed the road in half an hour. 

 While we were climbing Grandmother Mountain early one morning, 

 one ran across our path with a partially swallowed earthworm in its 

 mouth. In this roaming tendency it resembles quadramaculata, 

 which is also frequently seen in action, but which is confined to 

 streams. 



The vertical range of those observed by me was from 2,200 to 

 4,000 feet. This appHes only to the North CaroUna mountains. In 

 Virginia it comes down to 500 feet. 



No larvae have been seen. The breeding habits are not known, 

 but they are probably similar to those oifusca. Transformed speci- 

 mens have been seen as small as 30 mm. Females seem to be sexu- 

 ally mature at a total length of 105 mm.; head and body, 51 mm. 



Remarlcs. — This animal is intermediate between /usca and quadra- 

 maculata, with v/iiich two species it was confused. It is the only 

 species of the genus besides quadramaculata in which the male retains 

 the vomerine teeth past sexual maturity. 



It is apparently distinct from both of the others, as no specimens 

 of an intermediate nature have been seen, and as it occurs with 

 quadramaculata in North Carohna, and with /wsct? in Virginia. 



Specimens examined, 173, from localities as follows: 



Virginia. — Delaplane, 2; Clarke County, 1; Berry's Ferry, Clarke 

 County, 1; Hanging Rock, Clarke County, 8; Stony Man, 1; Augusta 

 County, 2. 



West Virginia. — Greenbrier County, 2; Baileysville, 2; Star Creek, 

 2; Horsepen Creek, 1; Big Stony Creek, near Barger's Spring, 1. 



North Carolina. — Brevard (type-locality), 90; Pink Beds, 9; 

 Blantyre, 4; Sunburst, 3; Joanna Bald, near Andrews, 1; Bums- 

 viUe, 1; Cane River, 3; Spruce Pine-Micaville, 1; LinviUe, 18; Blow- 

 ing Rock, 2; Pineola-Mortimer, 1; Ta tula Mountain, near Highlands, 1. 



Georgia. — Clayton, 1; Tallulah Falls, 4; Toccoa, 1. 



DESMOGNATHUS FUSCA FUSCA (Rafinesque). 



1818. Salamandra fusca Green, Journ. Acad. Philadelphia, vol. 1, pp. 348-359 

 (not of Laurenti, 1768). 

 1820. Triturus fuscus Rafinesque, Annals of Nature, vol. 1, p. 4. 

 1825. Salamandra intermixta Green, Hall's Portfolio, vol. 20, p. 159. 

 1842. Triton niger (part) IIolbrook, N. Amer. Herp., ed. 2, vol. 5. 

 1849. Desmognathus fuscus Baird, Journ. Acad. Philadelphia (n. b.). vol. 1, p. 285. 

 1854. Pleihodon fuscum Dumeuil and Bibron, Erp^tologie G^n^rale, vol. 9, p. 85. 

 1856. Plethodon niger Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, pp. 6-11. 



Type. — Not known to exist. 

 Type-locality. — Northern New York. 



Distribution. — From St. John's River, New Brunswick, and Range- 

 ley, Maine, to Raleigh, North Carolina; Dayton, Alabama; David- 



