224 THE VASCULAR SYSTEM. 



walls a more or less spong-y structure; the muscle-fibres are not 

 transversely striated (Hoffmann). 



a. The lingual artery [Arteria Ihigualu, Arteria hyoidea-lingualis, 

 Arteria liyoUlea), (Fig-s. 143 /, 144 L) arises b}^ two roots from the 

 inner surface of the carotid g-land, and courses forwards and in- 

 wards, suj)plying- branches to the thyroid gland and the Mtisciill 

 genioJiT/oidei, to the ventral surface of the hyoid; another continues 

 forwards on the outer border of the M. hyoglossus to supply branches 

 to the hyoid and tong-ue. 



b. The carotid artery (^Arteria carofis communis), (Fig-s. 143 ca, 

 144 c") arises by several roots from the outer wall of the carotid 

 g-land ; and passes over the Musculiis petrohyoideus I to the anterior 

 end of the oesophag-us, round which it courses towards the vertebral 

 column, and then runs forwards to the base of the skull. The artery 

 then courses forwards, lying" immediately above the mucous mem- 

 brane and underneath the transverse arm of the parasphenoid, which 

 it crosses about midway between its back and external end ; [at this 

 point the artery g-ives off two palatine arteries, then ascends in the 

 orbit to the orig-in of the M. pterygoid ens, and divides into two 



Fig. 1 44. branches, the internal carotid artery and the 



ophthalmic artery]. The branches are : — 



(i) The pharyngeal artery [Arteria pha- 

 ryngea ascend ens), (Fig. 145 p) Avhicli runs 

 towards the opening of the Eustachian 

 tube, distributes branches to the pharynx, 

 and anastomoses with the Arteria p/iaryu- 



Right carotid gland. -ti ■ c .^ j_ x ' j 



„ ,., ^ qeo-maxiUaris 01 the cutaneous arterv, and 



c Carotid arch. •' " ' 



c' Carotid gland. with the Rmuvs hifraniaxUlaris of the 



c" Carotid artery. • • j ^ i 



L Lingual artery. OCCipital artery. 



(2) [The ■ posterior palatine artery [Arteria palatina pjosterior, 

 Virchow) immediately divides into a number of small twigs to 

 supply the mucous membrane of the hinder and outer parts of the 

 gums.] 



(3) The anterior palatine artery [Arteria palatina anterior, Vir- 

 chow; Arteria palatina, Ecker), (Fig. 145//) runs forwards, between 

 the Muse, levator btdfji and the mucous membrane, u4th the jRamus 

 Ijalatinus of the trigeminal nerve. [On reaching the palatine 

 bone, it curves outwards to the outer anterior angle of the orbit, 

 where it gives off a branch backwards along the upper jaw to 

 the hinder portion of the orbit.] -In its course it supplies twigs 



