KEY TO FAMILIES OF LAND BIRDS 



111 



O 3'. Hind claw shorter than its toe and curved ; bill 

 flat, wider than high, slightly hooked at tip. 

 ^ Tyraunidae : Flycatchers, p. 245. 



Fig. 151.'. 



2'. Back of tarsus sharp-edged. 



;]. Primaries apparently only 9, the 10th being- 

 only a rudiment. 



Fig. 153. 



Fig. 154. 



Fig. 155. 



4. Outer primary twice as long- as innermost. 

 Hirundinidce : S-wallo-ws, p. 382. 



4'. Outer primary not twice as long- as inner- 

 most. 

 5. Bill slender and thin at base. 



^ 6. Hind claw as long- as or long-er than 



^ its toe .... Motacillidae : 



"Wagtails and Pipits, p. 481. 



6 . Hind claw shorter than its toe. 



7. Head crested . . Ampelidae : 

 Wax-wings and 

 Phainopeplas, p. o.s7. 



7'. Head not crested. 



Mniotiltidae : 

 Wood Warblers, p. 401. 



Fig. 158. \ 2 



Fig. 157. 



5. Bill short and thick or long- and thick 

 at base. 

 0. Bill notched at tip and with bristles 

 at gape. 



Fig. 159. 



Fig. 160. 

 Fig. 163. 



7. Nostril concealed or overhung. 



Fig. 161. or else cutting edge of lower 



mandible forming a distinct 



angle . . . Fringillidae : 



r Finches, Sparroxvs. 



etc., p. oOo. 



Fig. 162. 



7'. Nostril exposed, cutting edges of 

 jTy-^'^ lower mandible without dis- 



tinct angle ; males with more or 

 less red, females gi-ffnisli and 

 yellowish . . Tanagridae : 

 *^8 *^ Tauagers, p. ;;7l>. 



G . Bill without notch at tip and with- 

 out bristles at has*-. 

 7. Bill wider than high at b:ise ; 

 plumage greeuisli. speckled. 



Stiirnidae : 

 Starlings, p. l'86. 



