112 



KEY TO FAMILIES OF LAND BIRDS 



Fig. 167. 



7'. Bill not wider than high at 



base ; plumage largely black 



or yellow . . . Icteridae : 



Blackbirds, Orioles, 



etc., p. 285. 



Fig. 166. 



3'. Primaries obviously 10. 



4. First primary more than half 

 as long as second. 



5. Bill hooked at tip 



Fig. 168. 



. . Laniidae : 

 Shrikes, p. 391. 



Fig. 169. 



Fig. 1 



Bill not hooked at tip. 

 >. Nasal feathers erect or inclined back- 

 ward (except genus Oroscoptes, in 

 which the first primary is not half as 

 long as second) Troglody tidae : 

 Wrens, Thrashers, Mocking- 

 birds, and Catbirds, p. 433. 

 )'. Nasal feathers pointing forward over 

 bill. 



Large ; wing more than 4. 



Corvidae : Crows, Jays, 

 Magpies, etc., p. 269. 



T. Small, wing less than 2. Paridae : 

 Nuthatches and Tits {Genus 

 Chamcea : Wren-tits), p. 452. 

 Fig. 172. 



4'. First primary not 

 more than half 

 as long as see- 

 ond. Fig. 173. 



5. Tarsus not divided into 

 plates except near 

 toes. Fig. 174. 



6. Tail abnormally short ; plumage slate 

 gray. Cinclidae : Dippers, p. 432. 

 6'. Tail normally long; plumage green 

 or brown. 

 7. Small, wing less than 2.50; plum- 

 age greenish. Sylviidae : King- 

 lets, Gnatcatchers, etc. 

 {Genus Begulus : Kinglets), p. 463. 

 ■?'. Large : wing more than 3 ; plum- 

 age brown or grayish. 

 Turdidae : Thrushes, p. 467. 



