WOOD WARBLERS 



413 



on back and scapulars ; yellow crown patch concealed by brown tips to 

 feathers ; throat and chest brownish white or buff y brown, chest streaked 

 with black ; yellow patches obscured, black patches with white edges to 

 feathers. Adult female in fall and winter : like winter male, but smaller, 

 upper parts browner, yellow crown patch restricted or obsolete ; under 

 parts pale huffy brown in f tonr and on sides : median parts of breast and 

 belly yellowish white ; yellow breast patches indistinct or obsolete. Young, 

 Jirst plumage : streaked above and below ; wings and tail much as in 

 adults. Male: length (skins) -f.T2-r).r)l, wing- 2.T()-o.07, tail l.'.»7-2.o(5^ 

 bill .35-.4:>. Female: length (skins) 4.(35-5.51, wing- 2.G4-2.95, tail 2.U2- 

 2.82, bUl .;]2-.41. 



Hemarhs. — The yellow-rumped and Audubon warblers are similar, but 

 can be disring-uished by the throat, which is white in coronata and yellow 

 in audnboni. 



Distribution. — North America, chiefly east and north of Rocky Moun- 

 tains (to Hudson Bay region), stragg-ling- westward to the Pacific ; breeds 

 from Alaska to northern United States, wintering- from southern New 

 England and the Ohio valley south to the West Indies and Panama; 

 accidental in Greenland and eastern ISiberia. 



Nest. — Usually low in coniferous trees, made of grasses, twigs, and root- 

 lets, lined with finer grasses, feathers, and hair. Eggs : 3 to 6, white, 

 creamy, or huffy, spotted or blotched chiefly on or around larg-er end with 

 brown and lilac, sometimes mixed with small black markings. 



Food. — Insects, their eg-gs and larvae, and wild berries. 



The yellow-rump, the eastern representative of the Audubon 

 warbler, migrates through Colorado, and Prof. Cooke says it is not 

 uncommon for two or three weeks on the plains along the foothills 

 of the Rocky Mountains, where a few range up to 9000 feet. It mi- 

 grates from ten days to two weeks ahead of anduboni, but in May 

 the two species are often found together. 



656. Dendroica auduboni (Towns.). Audubon Warbler. 



Adult male in sjjring and summer. — Throat, rroirn patch, and rump yellow ; 

 imder parts white, yellow, and solid black ; upper parts bluish g-ray, streaked 

 with black ; wing- coverts with large white 

 patches : tail black, inner webs of four 

 or five outer feathers with large snbter- 

 minal patch of white. Adult female in 

 spring and summer: like summer male, 

 but duller, and with less l)lack on under 

 parts; ui)per parts usually more or less 

 tingt'd with brown ; yellow crown patch 

 re.strictt'd, and partly tipped with brown- 

 ish gray ; wings with narrower bands ; 

 chest and sides grayish, marked with 

 black ; color patt-hes restricted. Adult 

 nude in /'nil and winter: dulh-r and 

 brownt'r than summer male. u])per parts 

 washed with brown, wing markings tinged 

 with brown ; blai-k of chest and sides 

 mostly concealed by ])rownish white edges 

 to feathers. Adult female in fall am/ winter : like winter male, but smaller 

 and duller, back without sharply defined streaks ; yellow patches paler and 



From Hiolotriral Survey, I'. S. Dept. of 

 Ajtricultim'. 



Fig. 5i:i. 



