418 WOOD WARBLERS 



under parts white, sides spotted ; wing- and tail as in fall birds, but wing 

 bars brownish buflf . Male : length (skins) 4.4U-4.70, wing- 2.57-2.73, tail 

 1.83-1.94, bill .37-.41. Female : length (skins) 4.25-4.60, wing 2.48-2.58, 

 tail 1.82-1.87, bill .38. 



Remarks. — The young may be distinguished by huffy superciliary and 

 throat. 



Distribution. — Breeds in Canadian and Transition zones of the southern 

 British Provinces, northeastern United States, and mountain regions south ; 

 casually to Utah, western Texas, and New Mexico ; migrates to the Ba- 

 hamas, and through eastern Mexico to South America; accidental in 

 Greenland. 



Nest. — In evergreen trees, bulky, composed of downy materials, espe- 

 cially cat-tail down, lined with fine lichens, and horsehairs. FJggs : 4 or 5, 

 greenish white or pale bluish green, speckled or spotted chiefly on or 

 around larger end with brown, reddish brown, or lilac gray. 



Food. — Largely winged insects. 



664. Dendroiea gracise Baird. Grace Warbler. 



Adult male in spring and summer. — Superciliary, spot on lower lid, throat 

 and chest bright yellow ; rest of under parts white, streaked with black ; 

 upper parts including ear coverts and sides of neck ash gray ; crown and 

 back narrowly streaked with black ; wings with two white bands ; two 

 outer tail feathers largely Avhite on inner webs. Adult female in spring and 

 summer: like male, but duller, gray of upper parts tinged with brown, 

 black streaks indistinct, wing bars narrower, yellow paler, white of under 

 parts duller. Adult male in fall and ivinter : upper parts slightly tinged 

 with brown, streakings on back more or less concealed ; under parts 

 brownish huffy. Adult female in fall and winter : like winter male, but 

 washed with olive brown above, wing bars brownish buff, and white of 

 under parts strongly bufPy. Young male in first fall and winter : upper 

 parts strongly tinged with brown, black streaks on back concealed, and 

 flanks strongly brownish buff. Young female in first fall and winter : colors 

 duller, streaking indistinct or obsolete. Male : length (skins) 4.33-4.60. 

 wing 2.52-2.60, tail 1.85-1.97, bill .39. Female : length (skins) 4.45-4.53, 

 wing 2.37-2.44, tail 1.81-1.85, bill .39. 



Distribution. — Southwestern United States and adjacent parts of north- 

 western Mexico, breeding from Colorado to Chihuahua and Sonora, Mexico ; 

 casual in southern California. 



Nest. — By two specimens, in pines, 50 to 60 feet from the ground, 

 made of vegetable fibers, straws, and horsehair ; also, in one case, strings, 

 oak catkins, bud scales, wool, vegetable down, and insect webbing. Fggs : 

 3 or 4, white, lightly spotted with reddish brown. 



The Grace warblers are birds of the coniferous forests of the south- 

 western mountains. In the Guadalupe Mountains, Texas, we met 

 a small flock of them passing through the pines at about 8000 feet. 



665. Dendroiea nigreseens (Towns.). Black-throated Gray 



Warbler. 



Adult male in spring and summer. — Whole head, throat, and chest black, 

 except for white streaks on side of head and along throat, and bright yellow 

 spot over lores ; breast and belly pure white : sides streaked with black ; 

 back gray, more or less streaked with black ; wings with two white bars ; 

 tail with inner webs of two outer feathers mainly white. Adult female 

 in spring and summer : similar, but colors duller ; crown usually gray. 



