FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC. 365 



Distribution. — Breeds in Transition and Upper Sonoran zones on the 

 Plains and eastern foothills of the Kooky Moimtains from the Saskatche- 

 wan south to southern Colorado, and from the Missouri west to western 

 Montana ; winters south to Texas and west to Washington ; casually to 

 Iowa and Wisconsin. 



Nest. — On the ground, made at times of pine needles and lined with 

 grass. 



The towhees of the maculatus group are shy birds of the chap- 

 arral, and when pauglit siuging on top of a bush, where you can 

 study the amount of white mixed with the black and brown of 

 their plumage, they are liable to stop short in their song and pitch 

 dowm to the ground with only an aggravating flash of the white 

 tail corners. And though you wait patiently, all the reward you 

 are likely to get is a nasal ichank or a mewing toic-hee as they rattle 

 the dead leaves, scratching for worms under the dense cover of 

 brush. 



Both their call-notes and songs have a quaint twang that give 

 them peculiar zest. One of the commonest songs in general time 

 and emphasis may be given as yang' , kit-er-er. 



588a. P. m. megalonyx (Baird.). Spurred Towhee. 



Like arcticus, but with tail, tarsus, and hind claw longer, bill larger, 

 and coloration darker ; upper parts 

 black, except for grayish rimip ; 

 white markings much restricted, and 

 rufous of sides deeper ; middle of 



back and tertials usually without '^^ Fig. 4" 



white ; white edgings of primaries 

 not developed into a patch, and white space on outer tail feather not 

 occupying more than half of space beyond coverts (1.10-1.-"I."> long). Adult 

 female : darker than female arcticus. streaks on back less conspicuous, 

 white tail patch smaller. Young : similar to voung of arcticus. but darker. 

 Male: length (skins) 7.rJ-8.:30. wing 3.29-;].Gr), tail 3.55-4.39, bill .48- 

 .58. Female : length (skins) 7.12-8.09, wing 3.13-3.48, taU 3.42-4.16, bill 

 .49-.59. 



Distribution. — Breeds in Transition and Upper Sonoran zones from the 

 Rocky Mountains to California and from British Columbia south to Lower 

 California and northern Mexico. 



Nest. — On the ground or in a bush, made variously of inner bark, 

 leaves, and snuiU sticks, lined with grass. Eggs : 4 or 5, pale greenish or 

 bluish, finely specked with brown and lavender, massed around larger end. 



588b. P. m. oregonus (Bell). Oregon Towhee. 



Adult malr. — L'/ifier /mrts mainhj hlnrk. u-hitr Jiinrkitiijs inconspicuous ; 

 streaks on back mainly obsolete or 

 concealed ; wing bare reduced to 

 disconnected round white spots, 

 white of (Miter tail feather reduced 



to ■ thumb mark.' less tlian ;in inch . 



in length, outer web mainly black ; '^' 



rufous of sides very dark. Adult J'tmale : black replaced by dark sooty 



