xlvi INTRODUCTION 



Tyrannus verticalis : Arkansas King-bird. — A kingbird is found at Port- 

 land, but is rare, and the species not determined. 



Contopns borealis : Olive-sided Flycatcher. — Common in tall firs. 



Contopus richardsonii : Western Wood Pewee. — Very common every- 

 where ; often seen in shade trees about the city. 



Empidonax difficilis : Western Flycatcher. — Probably taken in migra- 

 tion. 



Empidonax traillii : Traill Flycatcher. — Very common in alder and 

 vine maple thickets. 



Alauda arvensis : Skylark. — Introduced. Common in open fields on the 

 east side of the river ; not seen elsewhere. 



Otocoris alpestris strigata : Streaked Horned Lark. — Not uncommon in 

 suitable localities. 



Pica pica hudsonica : American Magpie. — Not common ; a few are found 

 along the Columbia. 



Cyanocitta stelleri : Steller Jay. — Common everywhere in the region of 

 Portland. 



Aphelocoma californica : California Jay. — Rare ; more common during 

 migrations. 



Perisoreus obscurus : Oregon Jay. — Rare. 



Corvus caurinus : Northwest Crow (?). — Crows are abundant, but species 

 not determined. 



Sturnus vulgaris : Starling. — Introduced ; still rare. 



Agelaius phoiniceus caurinus : Northwestern Redwing. — More or less com- 

 mon. 



Sturnella magna neglecta : Western Meadowlark. — Abundant resident. 



Icterus bullocki : Bullock Oriole. — Rather common in cottonwoods and 

 oaks along the river. 



Scolecophagus cyanocephalus : Brewer Blackbird. — Abundant resident ; 

 more common in open fields. 



Coccothraustes vespertinus montamis : Western Evening Grosbeak. — Abun- 

 dant winter resident, flocking about the maples in the streets ; remark- 

 ably tame. 



Carpodacus purpureus californicus : California Purple Finch. — Common in 

 fields about the city. 



Loxia curvirostra minor : Crossbill. — Rare. 



Astragalinus tristis salicamans : Willow Goldfinch. — Abundant. 



Astragalinus psaltria : Arkansas Goldfinch. — Not uncommon. 



Spinus jnnus : Pine Siskin. — Not uncommon ; nests about the city in 

 large firs (?). 



Passer domesticus : English sparrow. — Abundant in the city. 



Pocecetes gramineus affinis : Oregon Vesper Sparrow. — Common in open 

 fields. 



Ammodramus sandwichensis : Sandwich Sparrow. — Specimens taken dur- 

 ing migrations were nearer this form than any other, but not typical. 



Ammodramus sandu-ichensis alaudinus : Western Savanna Sparrow. — Com- 

 mon in cultivated fields. 



Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii : Gambel Sparrow. — Common during mi- 

 grations. 



Zonotrichia leucophrys nuitalli : Nuttall Sparrow. — Abundant summer 

 resident ; nests in thickets and low brush. 



Zonotrichia coronata : Golden-crowned Sparrow. — Common during migra- 

 tion for a few days. 



Spizella socialis arizonce : Western Chipping Sparrow. — Abundant sum- 

 mer resident. 



Junco hyemalis oreganus : Oregon Junco. — Abundant resident. 



