74 SANDALWOOD FAMILY 



united at base in pairs. Flowers crowded, compressed, the 

 staminate 2 to 5-parted, the pistillate 2-toothed. Fruit on a 

 recurved pedicel, maturing the second autumn. The ripe 

 berries suddenly eject the sticky seeds to a distance of 

 several yards. (Rasoumofskya.) 



1. A. americanum Nutt. Stems slender, much branched, 

 greenish yellow. Staminate plants 3 or 4 in. long, producing 

 terminal flowers on distinct joints of an open panicle. Fertile 

 plants much smaller. — Known only on the Lodgepole Pine. 



2. A. douglasii Engelm. Similar to no. 1 but only *4 to 1 

 in. high. Branches nearly erect, solitary or with accessory 

 ones behind (never beside) the primary ones. Flowers in 

 short (mostly 5-flowered) spikes. — On Douglas Fir. The var. 

 abietinum Engelm., larger, 1 to 3 in. high, with spreading 

 branchlets, grows on the White and Red Fir. Either form 

 may also be expected on Yellow Pine. 



3. A. occidentale Engelm. Stems stout, 2 to 5 in. high, 

 much branched. Staminate flowers in long spikes (flowers 

 9 to 17). — On Yellow, Jeffrey, and Digger Pine, Juniper, and 

 Alpine Hemlock, perhaps also on Fir. Distinguished from no. 

 2 by the greenish-brown instead of yellowish stems and by 

 the accessory branchlets of fruiting plants, which bear scales 

 instead of flowers. 



SANTALACEAE. Sandalwood Family. 

 Leaves entire. Calyx 4 or 5-cleft. Stamens 4 or 5, in- 

 serted on a fleshy disk. Style 1; ovary inferior, becoming a 

 1-seeded fruit. 



1. COMANDRA. 



Bastard Toad-flax. 



1. umbellata Nutt. Leaves alter- 

 nate, oblong, thin, acute, much nar- 

 rowed at base, 1 to V/ 2 in. long, the 

 lower ones scale-like. Calyx-tube 

 continued as a neck to the dry round- 

 ish fruit. 



This is a very smooth, leafy per- 

 ennial, y 2 to \]/ 2 ft. high, with small, 

 greenish-white flowers in terminal 

 clusters. The root forms parasitic 

 attachments to the roots of trees and 

 shrubs. It is plentiful in all our 

 mountains. 



