40 PINE FAMILY 



1. W. scopulina Eat. Rocky-mountain Wood- 

 sia. Stalks densely clustered, 1 to 5 in. long, 

 straw-like, dark below, short-hairy. Fronds V/ 2 

 to 8 in. long, 1 to \ l / 2 in. broad, oblong-lanceolate, 

 short-hairy and glandular, pinnate or 2-pinnate, 

 when simply pinnate the segments deeply cut 

 and toothed, the lower pinnae shorter than the 

 middle ones. Sori submarginal; indusium deli- 

 cate, cleft into narrow divisions terminating in 

 hairs. — On exposed rocks at Mono Pass, Ledge 

 Trail, etc. Not common. 



2. W. oregana Eat. Like the preceding but 

 the fronds and stalks quite smooth, fertile fronds 



taller than the sterile ones, indusium very minute and divided 

 almost to the center into a few beaded hairs. — Reported from 

 the Yosemite Valley. 



PINACEAE. (Coniferae.) Pine Family. 

 Evergreen trees with resinous sap and needle-shaped, 

 linear, or scale-like leaves. Stamen-bearing and pistil-bear- 

 ing flowers in separate scaly catkins on the same tree, the 

 pistillate catkins becoming cones. Seeds either small and 

 bony or large, nut-like, and winged. 



A. Leaves needle-like. 

 Needles 2 or more in a cluster enwrapped at base by a thin 



sheath (leaf solitary in P. monophylla) 1. Pinus. 



B. leaves narrowly linear or awl-like, 2 or 4-ranked. 



Cones erect, the scales falling separately 4. Abies. 



Cones pendent, falling whole. 



Seeds winged; cone-scales overlapping. 



Bracts longer than the scales; leaf-scars smooth 2. Pseudotsuga. 



Bracts shorter than the scales; branchlets roughened by 



the persistent leaf-bases 3. Tsuga. 



Seeds not winged; cone-scales not overlapping 5. Sequoia. 



C. Leaves minute, scale-like, thickly clothing- the branchlets. 

 Fruit a dry cone. 



Cone nearly globose, 2 in. or more thick 5. Sequoia. 



Cone oval, 1 in. or less long, 2 of the scales spreading. .. 6. Libocedrus. 

 Fruit a globose berry; branchlets cord-like 7. Juniperus. 



1. PINUS. Pine. 

 Trees with needle-like leaves in clusters of 2 to 5, each clus- 

 ter sheathed at base by papery scales (sheath 1-leaved in 

 P. monophylla). Cones maturing in the second autumn, 

 reflexed or pendulous, their scales woody and each bearing 

 2 winged seeds. 



