236 VALERIAN FAMILY 



of 2 or 3 flowers. Corolla yellowish, Y* to % in. long, with 

 short erect nearly equal lobes. Berries dark purple, shorter 

 than the enlarged bracts. 



This yellow-flowered twinberry occurs both in the Sierra 

 Nevada and Coast Range mountains, ascending the former 

 to 8000 ft. alt. It grows at the following places: Pohono 

 Trail, Yosemite Valley, Clouds Rest, Conness Creek, Tu- 

 olumne Meadows, Vogelsang Pass, and Rodgers Lake. 



3. L. conjugialis Kell. Dwarf Twinberry. A slender leafy 

 shrub, a foot or two high. Leaves thin, ovate or oval, acute, 

 short-petioled, V/2 to 3 in. long, Y^ to 2 in. wide. Peduncles J/2 

 to 1 in. long, bearing usually 2 flowers with united ovaries, 

 the bracts not evident. Corolla about Yz in. long, dull purple, 

 strongly 2-lipped, the throat very hairy. Stamens protruding. 

 Berry red. 



The nearly black flowers, borne mostly in pairs on the 

 summit of a naked stalk, mark this twinberry as distinct from 

 all other plants. It inhabits moist banks from the Mariposa 

 Grove and Yosemite Valley to Mt. Lyell Meadows and Smed- 

 berg Lake, being most common above 7000 ft. alt. 



4. L. interrupta Benth. Chaparral Honeysuckle. Leaves 

 roundish or broadly oblong, pale beneath, obtuse but with a 

 short sharp tip, ^ to 1 in. long, one or two uppermost pairs 

 united into disks around the stem. Flowers yellow, nearly 

 Yz in. long, sessile in whorls of a terminal glabrous spike. 

 Corolla strongly 2-lipped, glabrous. 



The flexuous stems of this shrub, or vine, for it is often 

 inclined to climb and twine, are 3 to 6 ft. long. It grows in 

 warm places of the Yellow Pine Belt. In Yosemite Valley is 

 found a very pubescent form which seems to connect the 

 species with L. hispidula Dougl., the common honeysuckle of 

 the north. 



VALERIANACEAE. Valerian Family. 

 Herbs with opposite leaves and no stipules. Calyx-tube 

 adherent to the ovary. Corolla tubular, 5-lobed. Stamens 1 

 to 3, distinct. Fruit not opening, 1 or 3-celled, always 1- 

 seeded. 



Upper leaves lobed or parted; perennial 1. Valeriana. 



Leaves all entire 2. Valerianella. 



1. VALERIANA. Valerian. 

 1. V. sylvatica Banks. Stems erect, from perennial root- 

 stocks, 1 or 2 ft. high, with a flat terminal cluster of white 

 or roseate flowers. Lower leaves oblanceolate, entire or 



