BLUEBELL FAMILY 237 



toothed, 1 to 3 in. long; upper leaves deeply parted into 

 several lanceolate or oblong lobes. Flowers nearly *4 in- 

 long. Calyx-lobes becoming feathery in fruit. Stamens 3, 

 exceeding the corolla. Fruit seed-like, flattish. (V. calif or- 

 nica Heller.) — Occasional in meadows above 5000 ft. alt.: 

 Glacier Point, Snow Flat, Benson Pass, etc. 



2. VALERIANELLA. 

 1. V. congesta Lindl. Stem erect, from an annual root, 

 6 to 18 in. high, with a terminal cylindric cluster of rose- 

 colored flowers. Leaves sessile, oblong, obtuse, entire, 1 or 2 

 in. long. Flowers irregular, spurred, scarcely *4 in - long. 

 Calyx without lobes above the ovary. Stamens 3, shorter 

 than corolla. Fruit seed-like, boat-shaped, rough-hairy. — 

 Yosemite Valley, in a form with fruit appendaged on the 

 inner side, as in Plcctritis davyana Jepson. 



CUCURBITACEAE. Gourd Family. 

 Our only representatives of the Gourd Family are one or 

 two species of Echinocystis and these reach only our lower 

 borders. They are succulent herbs with simple, palmately 

 lobed leaves and small, greenish-white flowers. The fruit is 

 a large, dry bur containing several smooth seeds. The large, 

 often branching perennial root has given these plants the 

 names of "Big Root" and "Man Root," while the Spanish- 

 Californians know them as "Chilicothe." 



CAMPANULACEAE. Bluebell Family. 

 Herbs with alternate leaves, no stipules, and regular 5-lobed 

 corollas. Calyx persistent, divided down to the ovary, to 

 which it is adherent. Stamens distinct from each other. 

 Style 1, provided with pollen-collecting hairs below the 2 to 

 5 stigmas. Ovary inferior, 2 to 5-celled, the capsule many- 

 seeded. 



a. Capsule opening by 1 or more small window-like valves 



on the side; stems stiffly erect, 1 ft. or more high. 

 Flowers mostly pediceled; bracts linear or inconspicu- 

 ous (except the lower) 1. Campanula. 



Flowers closely sessile in the axils of ovate or roundish 



bracts 2. Specularia. 



b. Capsule opening by irregular fissures along the sides; 



calyx-lobes round, toothed 3. Heterocodon. 



c. Capsule opening at apex, within the calyx; calyx-lobes 



linear, entire 4. Githopsis. 



