COMPOSITE FAMILY 239 



in the lower. Stamens 5, united either by their filaments or 

 anthers. Ovary 2-celled, with a single style, the stigma glo- 

 bose and girt with a ring of hairs. 

 Anthers distinct but their filaments united above the middle; 



flowers showy 1. Downingia. 



Anthers united into a curved tube; flowers small 2. Nemacxadus. 



1. DOWNINGIA. 



1. D. montana Greene. A low branching plant of muddy 

 places, 6 in. or so high, leafy and glabrous throughout. Leaves 

 linear, % to J^ in. long, the upper ones much exceeded by 

 the pedicel-like calyx. Calyx-lobes linear, as long as corolla. 

 Upper lip of corolla of 2 minute lavender lobes; lower lip of 

 3 broad spreading lobes, white, with a broad lavender or blue 

 border. — Hog Ranch Road. 



2. NEMACLADUS. 

 1. N. ramosissimus var. montanus Gray. A delicate dif- 

 fusely branched annual with numerous minute flowers on long 

 spreading pedicels. Basal leaves oblanceolate, toothed, those 

 of the branches minute (rarely Y^ in. long) and entire. 

 Flowers about ]/& in. long; corolla-lobes unequal, white, with 

 a reddish-brown blotch near the base of each and a tint of 

 yellow below each blotch. — Wawona to Hetch Hetchy Valley, 

 not common. 



COMPOSITAE. Composite, or Sunflower Family. 



(Including Asteraceae, Ambrosiaceae, Carduaceae, and 

 Cichoriaceae.) 

 Herbs and shrubs, or trees in some foreign genera, ours all 

 with flowers in heads, each head borne on the enlarged summit 

 of the common peduncle {receptacle) and surrounded by a com- 

 mon involucre of separate bracts, the receptacle sometimes also 

 bearing scale-like or bristle-like bracts among the flowers. Cor- 

 ollas either tubular and 5-toothed (or 5-lobed) or the limb 

 strap-shaped and toothed at apex. When both kinds are present 

 (e. g, the true sunflowers), the flowers with the strap-shaped 

 corollas occupy the margin of the head and are called ray- 

 flowers; the flowers with tubular corollas occupy the center and 

 are called disk-flowers ; such heads are said to be radiate. Heads 

 without strap-shaped corollas are discoid (e. g., Everlasting). 

 All of the flowers have strap-shaped corollas in the Chicory 

 Tribe. Calyx-tube united with the ovary and often continued 

 above it in Lhe form of a pappus, which may consist of awns, 

 hairs, bristles, or scales, or it may be reduced to a mere ring. 



