FIGWORT FAMILY 227 



and beak-like, enclosing the 4 stamens and single style; lower 

 lip short and very small, not inflated, with 3 small teeth. 



Plant tall (1 to 4 ft.); beak of corolla equaling or longer 

 than the tube. 

 Herbage very pubescent throughout; leaves mostly lobed.l. C. parviftora. 



Herbage nearly glabrous; leaves mostly entire 2. C. miniata. 



Plant low (9 in. or less) ; beak of corolla much shorter 

 than the tube. 

 Leaves lanceolate or broader, the upper divided into 

 spreading lobes, distinctly 3-nerved; flowers dull 



red 3. C. breweri. 



Leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuate, mostly entire, all but 



the lowest 1-nerved; flowers crimson 4. C. culbertsonii. 



1. C. parviflora Bong. Indian Paint Brush. Stems erect 

 or ascending, 1 to 2 ft. high, the whole plant rough-pubescent. 

 Leaves linear to oblong, entire to pinnately parted into nar- 

 row lobes, 1 to iy 2 in. long. Corolla about 1 in. long, the 

 lower lip not protruding from the calyx, the beak about 

 equalling the tube. — An inhabitant of dry places, especially 

 on hillsides in the open forest. A common form with entire 

 leaves is C. pinetorum Fernald; another, with leaves parted 

 into 3 lobes, is C. triiidum Greene, but all forms of leaves may 

 be found on a single plant. 



2. C. miniata Dougl. Stems erect, 2 to 4 ft. high, or less 

 at high altitudes, with large red terminal spikes; the stem 

 and leaves glabrous or minutely pubescent, the inflorescence 

 with longer hairs. Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, entire, 1 to 3 in. long. Corolla 1 to V/ 2 in. long, 

 curved, the lower lip protruding from the calyx, the beak 

 longer than the tube. (C montana Congdon.) 



While admiring the brilliant, red flower-clusters of Castilleja, 

 borne proudly erect on leafy stems, one little suspects the 

 robbery that is being perpetrated by the plant through the 

 sucking organs developed on its roots. These attach them- 

 selves to the underground parts of other plants, which are 

 thus brought under tribute. But the Castilleja is not entirely 

 a robber, for it has a well developed root system of its own 

 and also a good supply of green foliage capable of assimi- 

 lating carbon dioxide for itself. Apparently all species of 

 the genus are partially parasitic. C. miniata is the most 

 showy of all and also the most common in our district, where 

 it grows in meadows and other moist places, from the foot- 

 hills nearly to timber-line. 



3. C. breweri Fernald. Stems clustered on a thick woody 

 root, whole plant conspicuously soft-hairy and glandular. 

 Leaves coarse; the lower lanceolate and entire; the upper 



