MADDER FAMILY 23 1 



1. PLANTAGO. Plantain. Ribwort. 

 Leaves ribbed. Calyx of 4 dry sepals. Stamens 4 or 2, 

 some with weak exserted filaments. Capsule 2-celled, with 1 

 to several ovules in each cell, the top falling off like a lid. 



1. P. major L. Common Plantain. A glabrous perennial 

 with leaves all at base of an erect flower-stalk. Leaf-blades 

 roundish or ovate, entire or toothed, 2 to 6 in. long, abruptly 

 narrowed to broad petioles nearly as long. Spike narrow, 

 5 to 6 in. long, on a stalk 6 to 18 in. high. — Low ground at 

 Yosemite Valley, Crockers, etc. The var. asiatica Dene., has 

 upright leaves tapering to slender petioles, and erect flower-stalks. 



2. P. lanceolata L. English Plantain. Ribwort. A some- 

 what pubescent perennial, with leaves all at base. Leaf- 

 blades lanceolate, acute, 2 to 8 in. long, entire or slightly 

 toothed, tapering to a petiole. Spike dense, thick, y 2 to 2 in. 

 long, on a stalk 4 to 12 in. high. — A naturalized European 

 weed; common in low valleys. 



3. P. patagonica Jacq. A silky-pubescent annual, 3 to 6 in. 

 high. Leaves basal, linear to oblanceolate, V/2. to 5 in. long 

 including the narrowed petiole-like base, less than J4 m - wide. 

 Spike thick, almost head-like, ^ to Z A m - long- — A common 

 species of wide distribution which probably occurs on dry 

 hillsides along our lower borders. 



RUBIACEAE. Madder Family. 

 Herbaceous or slightly woody plants with simple entire 

 sessile leaves and small regular flowers with both stamens 

 and pistil. Calyx adherent to the ovary, its teeth minute or 

 none. Stamens 3 to 5, alternating with the lobes of the 

 corolla, inserted on its tube or throat. Ovary inferior. 



Leaves opposite; corolla funnelform or salverform 1. Kelloggia. 



Leaves in whorls of 3 to 8; corolla rotate 2. Galium. 



1. KELLOGGIA. 



1. K. galioides Torr. Slender erect perennial from 

 creeping rootstocks, a foot or so high, often profusely branch- 

 ing at base. Leaves lanceolate, entire, usually 1 in. long. 

 Flowers in panicles terminating the branches, the spreading 

 pedicels Y to \%. in. long in fruit. Corolla pinkish, Ye to y A 

 in. long, funnelform, with spreading lobes. Fruit dry, cov- 

 ered with hooked bristles, separating at maturity into two 

 parts. 



Kelloggia'is a smooth, leafy perennial, frequently encoun- 

 tered in the pine forests. It is often mistaken for a species 



