COMPOSITE FAMILY 265 



Leaf-blades longer; plants usually over 1 ft. high. 



Stem from fibrous roots 4. S. lugens. 



Stem from rootstocks 5. 5. scorzonella. 



B. Stems leafy to the top. 

 Herbs; glabrous at maturity. 

 Stems 2 ft. or more high. 

 Leaves toothed or entire. 



Base of leaf broad 6. 5". triangularis. 



Base of leaf narrowed 7. S. serra. 



Leaves deeply lobed 8. 5". clarkianus. 



Stems 1 ft. or less high 9. S. fremontii. 



Shrub; densely white-woolly 10. S. douglasii. 



1. S. aureus L. A green and glabrous perennial, 4 to 20 

 in. high (rarely with a little wool when young). Lower 

 leaves oval or roundish, toothed, petioled; upper leaves 

 lanceolate, entire to toothed or deeply lobed. — Moist places, 

 in a variety of forms. One form has stems 12 to 18 in. high, 

 large leaves, and yellow rays (S. laetiilorus Greene). With 

 this is sometimes found a similar form but without rays 

 (S. lembertii Greene). A medium-sized form with saffron- 

 colored flowers is often found in high meadows (S. aureus 

 var. croceus Gray). There is a dwarf form (of high altitudes) 

 with nearly naked stem and a solitary head with yellow rays 

 (S. aureus var. subnudus Gray). A similar form but with 

 stem-leaves more developed and the rays sometimes lacking 

 is S. aureus var. borealis T. & G. 



2. S. petrocallis Greene. An Alpine dwarf, forming dense 

 leafy tufts from which protrude the naked flower-stalks, the 

 whole plant only 2 to 4 in. high. Leaves soon glabrous, thick, 

 oval or oblong, with narrow base, entire or few-toothed. 

 Heads 1 to 7, the yellow rays % in. long. (S. petraeus Klatt.) 

 — Above timber-line on Mt. Dana. 



3. S. canus Hook. A tufted perennial, 6 to 15 in. high, 

 white with matted wool. Leaves oblong or oval, entire 

 (rarely a few lobes), l / 2 to V/2 in. long. Heads several or 

 numerous, short-peduncled, the yellow rays over J4 m - long. — 

 High altitudes, as at Merced Lake and near Mt. Lyell. 



S. werneriaefolius Gray, of the Rocky Mts., was once re- 

 ported from Mt. Conness. It is like S. canus but dwarf, the 

 leaves linear-spatulate and 2 or 3 in. long by J4 m - wide, or 

 some only 1 in. long by Yz in. wide. 



4. S. lugens var. exaltatus Gray. Stout, 1 to 3 ft. high, 

 from a cluster of fibrous roots, lightly woolly when young. 

 Leave$ basal and scattered; the lower long-petioled, spatu- 

 late to obovate or roundish, the blade 2 to 8 in. long; upper 

 ones narrower and often toothed. Heads terminally clustered, 



