COMPOSITE FAMILY 263 



37. RAILLARDELLA. 



Perennial herbs with narrow entire leaves chiefly basal. 

 Heads solitary, yellow. Akenes linear, pubescent, with 12 to 

 25 white feathery pappus-bristles. 



1. R. argentea Gray. A compact Alpine plant with narrow 

 silvery-hairy leaves y 2 to 2 in. long. Heads J / 2 or }% in. high, 

 without rays, on simple naked stalks 4 in. or less long. — Plen- 

 tiful above timber-line. 



2. R. scaposa Gray. A matted plant, hairy when young 

 but not silvery. Leaves green, linear, 1 to 4 in. long. Heads 

 I/2 to 1 in. high, rarely with 1 to 3 rays, on simple naked 

 stalks 4 to 10 in. high.— Occasional from 6000 to 10,000 ft. alt. 



38. ARNICA. Arnica. 



Erect perennial herbs with large yellow heads, these mostly 

 long-peduncled. Involucre of equal broadish bracts. Pappus 

 of many white or brownish rough bristles. 



Lower leaves with broad mostly heart-shaped base. 



Rays none I. A. discoidea. 



Rays large 



Stems nearly naked above 2. A. cordifolia. 



Stems leafy above 3. A. latifolia. 



Lower leaves narrowed to the base. 

 Stems leafy to the top. 



Plant not woolly; leaves 1-nerved from the base. 

 Leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate, not taper- 

 pointed. 



Leaves sharply toothed 4. A. amplexicaulis. 



Leaves entire or nearly so 5. A. chamissonis. 



Leaves narrowly lanceolate, taper-pointed 6. A. longifolia. 



Plant woolly; leaves 3-nerved from base 7. A.foliosa. 



Stems less leafy; heads 1 to 3, large 8. A. nevadensis. 



1. A. discoidea Benth. Leafy only toward the base, 1 or 

 2 ft. high, glandular and hairy. Leaves ovate, base usually 

 heart-shaped, toothed, 2 to 4 in. long, V/ 2 to 2]/ 2 in. broad, on 

 petioles 1 in. or more long, upper leaves very small. Heads 

 several, without rays, about % m - high- — Moderate altitudes; 

 rather common around Yosemite Valley. 



2. A. cordifolia Hook. More leafy but upper leaves small, 

 almost woolly above, the solitary or few heads with showy, 

 yellow rays. — Rare in the Sierra Nevada: Yosemite cliffs; 

 McClure Fork at 9500 ft. alt. 



3. A. latifolia var. viscidula Gray. Leafy almost through- 

 out, 1 or 2 ft. high, the stems rough with short hairs or be- 

 coming glabrous, glandular above. Leaves ovate, the lower 



