THE JOHOKE SURVEY. 107 



ferable, inasmach as chronometers are too delicate, on 

 account of the nature of their escapement, to be depend- 

 able when subjected to jolting or vibration, as in transit 

 over rough ground. 



The success of exploration must necessarily depend, in the 

 first place, upon the nature of the country and the disposi- 

 tion, number, and degree of civilization of its inhabitants ; 

 secondly, upon the skill, pluck, endurance, and health of the 

 skilled staff engaged on the exploration ; thirdly, upon the 

 number and character of the natives attached to the expedi- 

 tion, upon whom one is dependent for the carriage of 

 supplies, for labour, and for expert knowledge of the country 

 traversed. An equally important matter is the possession of 

 means for coping with disease, and with discontent or dis- 

 affection amongst the rank and file, upon whom so much 

 depends. 



A capacity for making friends with the natives of a 

 country may also much facilitate progress, as it may enable 

 the surveyor to glean local and other information, often of 

 the most valuable kind — a fact which the various members 

 of the Johore Survey staff had ample opportunity of 

 verifying. 



The Johore Survey. 



Johore, an independent State, is the southernmost territory 

 of the Malay Peninsula, having, unlike those w^iich consti- 

 tute the Straits Settlements, no British Resident. Johore is 

 under British protection, but only in so far that, in return 

 for services rendered in the past to the British Government 

 by H.H. the Sultan of Johore, and on account of its 

 strategical value, the British Grovernment undertakes to 

 protect the territory in case of an invasion by any foreign 

 power. The State of Johore is separated from Singapore 

 Island by a strait about one mile in width at its narrowest 



