PASSERES— MUSCICA VW.V. 105 



larcly 5th and ^tli ; 31^, 4tli, and 5th cniai\c;inatc outer webs. 

 I'lill l>r()wn, yellowish below at base. Lcj^^s and feet pale l)rown. 

 Win^ 64-69. Tarsus 20-22 (II.). l>ill 11-12. 



Breads. — Ei^ypt (Nile Valley). Migrates ; occurs in winter 

 Nubia and Soudan. 



H. pallida elaeica (Lindermayer). Upper parts more ^Tey, 

 less brown than in "pallida." ^Ving (^ 64-6S, 9 63-65. Tarsus 

 20-23 (W.). 



Ih'ceds. — Balkan Peninsula, Rumania, Dalmatia, Greece, Greek 

 Islands, Asia Minor to Persia and Transcaspia. Winters E. 

 Africa and S. Arabia. Once recorded E<,^ypt. 



H. pallida reiser! Hilgert. ist primary ro m.m. longer than 

 primary coverts ; paler, greyer, less olive above than typical form. 

 Wing 65-68 (H.). 



Breeds. — Oases S. Algeria. 



H. pallida opaca Cabanis. A western form of "pallida." 

 Bill larger and broader, 12-13. Wing longer, 66-72. 



Breeds.— Vi\M\^ and S. Spain, Morocco, N. Algeria, Tunisia. 

 Rare visitor S. France, Italy, and Egypt. Winters oases Sahara, 

 and W. tropical Africa. 



Hypolais scita (Eversmann). (" H. caligata" of authors). 



Smaller than " pallida," darker and redder above, more rusty on 

 breast; ist primary 4-7 m.m. longer than coverts; 2nd between 

 6th and 7th ; 3rd, 4th, and 5th longest. Wing 57-61 (H.). 



Jh-eeds.—Y.. Russia (Olonetz and Moscow to Astrakhan and 

 Kirghiz Steppes, Urals, Samara, Orenburg and Volga Valley), 

 Caucasus, also W. Siberia to Yenisei. Winters in N. and C. 

 India. 



Sylvia. 



Rictal bristles less developed than in " Acrocephalus" and 

 "Hypolais"; small insectivorous birds (mostly migratory); 

 nest, a cup in bushes, trees, or amongst plants near the 

 ground ; eggs spotted. 



Sylvia nisoria nisoria (Bechstcin). Barrkd Wari;lkr. 

 Fr.' liabillarde cpervicre ; Ger. Sperbergrasmuckc ; Ital. Bigia 

 padovann. 



