86 BIRDS OF P:UROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



nrrrds. — West Persia to Cyprus and Asia Minor, formerly in 

 Greece. Occurs in Egypt on passage. Winters N.E. Africa and 

 S. Arabia. Once occurred England. 



Lanius collurio L. Red-backed Shrike, /v-. Ecorcheur ; 

 Ger. Rotriickiger Wiirger ; ItaL Averla piccola ; Swed. Brun- 

 ryggad Tornskata. 



^ Crown, nape, rump, and upper tail coverts grey ; back, 

 scapulars, and margins of wing coverts and secondaries chest- 

 nut ; band from bill to ear coverts black ; rectrices (except 

 central) white on basal portion ; beneath rosy white. Bill, legs 

 and feet black. Wing 88-97. Tarsus 22-25. Pi^ 12-14. $ 

 Above reddish brown, with or without faint bars, inclining to 

 chestnut on mantle ; beneath buffy white with dark arrow-head 

 marks on breast and flanks. Wing 87-96. Bill horn brown. 

 Legs and feet brownish grey. Young barred above and below 

 with dark wavy lines. 



Breeds. — England ; Continent of Europe to about 64° N., east 

 to Urals and south to N. Spanish Mountains and Pyrenees, 

 Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, Greece, Asia Minor to Syria. Migrates ; 

 occurs on passage Shetland, Morocco, Sicily, Egypt ; winters 

 tropical Africa, south to Cape. 



'• L. c. jourdaini" Parrot from Corsica (duller chestnut on 

 mantle) is not considered separable. 



Telephonus. 



Straighter bill than "Lanius"; long ist primary; tarsus 

 longer ; tail graduated ; behind eye a small bare patch ; swift 

 runners; nest bulky, in tree or bush; eggs white, spotted 

 and splashed with red brown and purplish grey. 



Telephonus senegalus cucuUatus (Temminck). 



$ 5 . Crown and band from bill to ear coverts black ; broad 

 eye-stripe white or buff; back brown, wing coverts and outer 

 margins of quills chestnut ; beneath grey; tail long, tipped white. 

 Bill black. Legs and feet bluish grey. Wing 90-93. Tail 

 1 10-120. Tarsus 32-33. Culmen 22-24 (H.). 



Resident. — N. Algeria and Tunisia ; Morocco to S. Atlas 

 Mountains. 



