PASSERES— LANIID^. 85 



often very lart;c; secondaries mostly wliite; rump wliitish ; iindcr- 

 jiarts very white. Some specimens liavc some black at base of 

 bill and others have three outer pairs of rectrices entirely white. 



/vV.svVtv//.— Alj^eria south of Atlas Mountains to Ej^ypt, Sudan 

 and Palestine. 



Lanius senator senator L. Woodchat Shrike. Fr. 

 Pie-grieche rousse ; Ger. Rotkopfwiirger ; Ital. Averla capirossa. 



$ adult. Crown and nape chestnut ; forehead, face, ear 

 coverts, and upper l^ack black ; lower back grey ; scapulars, 

 speculum, upper tail coverts, and base of all but central rectrices 

 white, base of central rectrices black ; beneath bufty white. Pjill, 

 legs and feet black. Wing $ 9^-99, 9 92-95. Tarsus 22-24. 

 P>ill 13-14. In 9 black is replaced by dark brown. Young: 

 grey brown, barred ; scapulars, upper tail coverts, and under- 

 parts more bufif with darker arrow-shaped marks ; margins of 

 secondaries reddish. 



/yr^<?^/j.— Continental Europe south of Baltic, Russia N. to 

 Kaluga Govt., Caucasus, Sicily, Malta, N.W. Africa (Tripoli 

 to Morocco) and south to 32° N. Migratory. Rare visitor to 

 Denmark and Britain ; occurs Egypt and Sahara on passage ; 

 winters tropical Africa. 



L. senator niloticus (Bonaparte). Like typical form, but bases 

 of central tail feathers white. 



A W. Asiatic breeding race ; occurring Egypt on passage, 

 especially in spring ; wintering S. Africa, S. Arabia. Cretan 

 birds seem intermediate (Meinertzhagen), 



L. senator badius Hartlaub. White speculum absent or 

 minute in c^, generally present but very small in 9- ^Ving 

 longer on average. 



Breeds. — Corsica and Sardinia. Occurs on passage Tunisia 

 and Algeria, and in winter W. Africa. 



Lanius nubicus Lichtenstein. Masked Shrike. 



^ Above black ; forehead, supercilium, scapulars and 

 speculum white ; beneath white, reddish bulT on flanks. J5ill, 

 legs and feet black. Wing 86-94. Tarsus 22-24. ^'''1 ii"5-f3 

 (W.). In 9 black is of a brown shade. Wing 85-94. Young : 

 grey brown, scapulars and underparts white, with dark wavy bars. 



