PASSERES— LANIID.E 83 



Wing (^ 1 14-123, 9 1 13-122 (W.). Tarsus 24-26. Bill 13-14. 

 Young : above grey brown with wavy bars, ear coverts dark 

 brown, wing coverts brown tipped white ; beneath creamy white, 

 faintly barred on flanks. 



Breeds. — C. and S. Europe (Spain very local ; Germany 

 sporadic except N.W. ; Belgium rare) north to Baltic and Baltic 

 Provinces, C. and vS. Russia and across Siberia to Altai ; Caucasus, 

 Asia Minor, Sardinia, and Sicily. Migrates ; occurs Egypt on 

 passage ; winters tropical Africa. Rare visitor to Denmark, 

 Sweden, Holland, and Britain. 



Lanius excubitor excubitor L. Great Grey Shrike. 

 Fr. Pie-grieche grise ; Ger. Grau Wiirger ; Ital. Averla maggiore ; 

 Siucd. Storre Tornskata. 



^ $ adult. Above light grey, whitish on scapulars ; wing 

 black, white speculum on primaries, or on both primaries and 

 secondaries, tips of secondaries and inner primaries white, ist 

 primary half length of 2nd ; narrow eyebrow white, band from 

 lores to ear coverts black ; tail, two central pairs of feathers black, 

 remainder increasingly white to outer, which are entirely white ; 

 beneath white, slightly tinged rosy in autumn, occasionally also 

 in summer. Bill, legs and feet black. Wing ^ !o8-ii6, $ 

 107-116. Tarsus 26-29. Bill 15-16. Young: duller, brown tinged 

 above, speculum smaller or almost absent, breast with faint 

 wavy bars. 



Breeds. — N. and C. Europe, south to Pyrenees, Mountains 

 of Venetia, S. Hungary, in Russia south to Moscow ; and 

 throughout W. Siberia. Occurs in winter British Isles, S.E. 

 France, C. and S. Italy, Balkan Peninsula, S. Russia, Asia 

 Minor and Caucasus. Rare visitor to Faroes, Mediterranean 

 Islands and Spain. 



L. excubitor homeyeri Cabanis. More white on forehead, 

 supercilium, scapulars, tips of secondaries, and upper tail coverts ; 

 generally paler grey and intermediate with " przewalskii " of 

 Central Asia. Wing iii-i2o(H.). 



Breeds. — Rumania, Bulgaria, S.E. Russia to Kirghiz Steppes 

 and Caucasus, north to Orenburg and Moscow ; also W. Siberia. 

 In winter occasional in Greece ; accidental elsewhere in C. and S. 

 Europe. 



