PASSRRRS— PARim: 73 



r( 60-65, 9 58-64. Tarsus 16-17 (W.). IVill 7-^-5- In youn- : 

 while parts of adult pale yellow. 



Rcsidctit. — Continental Europe north to 67-50^ in Norway, 

 C. and S. Sweden, N. Russia and in Siberia, south to N. Spain, 

 Italy, Sicily, Hungary and S. Russia. 



"P. a. schwederi" from Livonia is not considered 

 separable. 



P. ater britannieus Sharpe and Dresser. Slightly smaller. 

 Above greyish olive, flanks and under tail coverts brownish buff. 

 Wing $ 58-62, 9 56-62. Tarsus 16-18. 



Resident.— Y.v\g\7vci^ and Scotland, and N.E. Ireland (County 

 Down). 



P. ater hibernicus Ogilvie-Grant. Like "britannieus" but 

 white parts deeply tinged yellow ; rump, upper tail coverts, flanks 

 and under tail coverts cinnamon. Wing $, 57-62, 9 56-60. 



Resident. — Ireland, except N.E. (County Down). 



P. ater sardus Kleinschmidt. Like "britannieus" as to size 

 but ujjper back grey as in typical "ater"; lower back and rump 

 greyish olive, flanks rusty brown. 



Resident. — Corsica and Sardinia. 



P. ater vieirae Nicholson. Intermediate between "ater" and 

 "britannieus" ; mantle between grey and olive, rump olive brown, 

 flanks and axillaries more golden buff than in "britannieus." 

 Wing $ 60-65, 9 56-62. 



Resident. — Spain and Portugal. 



" P. a. lusitanicus" from Oporto does not appear separable. 



P. ater atlas Meade Waldo. Close to "sardus" in colour of 

 upper parts ; beneath, black of foreneck extends over sides of 

 breast and in fresh plumage breast is spotted white (these spots 

 wear off later), flanks grey. Wing 66-69 (H.). 



Reside?tt. — Moroccan Atlas. 



P. ater ledouci Malherbe. Lower face, sides of neck as well 

 as breast and abdomen yellow at all ages (characteristic of 

 young of other races and adult " hibernicus ") ; back grey with 

 slight olive tinge, flanks greenish grey. Wing 65-68-5 (H.). 



Resident. — N. Tunisia and N.Algeria. 



