48 BIRDS OF EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA 



G. cristata riggenbachi Hartert. Larger than " klein- 

 schinidti." Wing (^ 107-113, $ 98-102 (H.). Beneath more 

 isabelline or buff. 



Resident. — Central and S.W. Morocco. 



G. cristata macrorhyncha Tristram. Like " riggenbachi " 

 but larger, paler, more sandy. Wing ^ 1 10-116, $ 102-105 (H.). 



Resident. — C. and N. Algeria south to Laghouat, Tunisia north 

 of Atlas. 



G. cristata randonii Loche. Darker than " macrorhyncha." 

 Wing 1 1 5-1 17 (H.). 



Resident. — Hautes Plateaux, Algeria. 



G. cristata carthaginis Kleinschmidt and Hilgert. Browner 

 than "randonii" and darker than "macrorhyncha." Smaller. 

 Wing $ 109-113 (H.). 



Resident. — N. Tunisia. 



G. cristata nigricans Brehm. The darkest form of " G. 

 cristata." Upper tail coverts inclined to rufous and streaked ; 

 underparts boldly streaked, as far as abdomen in some. Wing 

 102-106. 



Resident. — Central portions of Nile Delta (dark soil), Damietta 

 to Cairo. 



G. cristata brachyura Tristram. Greyer and more sandy 

 than "maculata," whiter beneath and bill longer. In winter and 

 spring much bleached, especially on lower back and rump, and 

 almost unrecognisable as the same bird. 



Resident. — Egypt (Natron Valley, Lakes of north Delta, also 

 near IsmaiJia) and S. Palestine. 



G. cristata maculata Brehm. Breast spotting never so dense 

 as in " nigricans," upper parts paler, less black in centre of 

 feathers. Crest less black. Wing ^ 98-108, $ 92-101. Bill 

 ^ 19-21, 9 18-20. 



Residetit. — Outer fringe of Egyptian Delta — down Nile to 

 Wadi Haifa. 



G. cristata moeritica NicoU and Bonhote. Lesser upper 

 wing coverts silvery brown; otherwise like "maculata." 

 Resident. — Fayoum, Upper Egypt. 



